GRAMMAR. 
tan and one, ten and two, &c., to twain- 
tens, when yon must begin again as before. 
Score is the past participle of j-eipan to 
shear, to separate ; and means separated 
parcels or talleys. The ordinal numbers, 
as they are called, are formed like the ab- 
stract nouns in eth ; fifth, sixth, tenth, &c. 
is the unit which fiv-eth, six eth, ten-eth, i.e. 
makes up the number five, six, ten, &c. 
The ordinal numerals are obviously abbre- 
viations of expression, for one, and one, 
and one, &c. ; and we need not be sur- 
prised, as they are continually used, and 
were so originally, without any noun fol- 
lowing them, to find them occasionally re- 
ceiving the variations of the noun. , 
III. Of the Pronoun. 
26. So much has already been said re- 
specting the force of the pronoun, that it is 
unnecessary to enlarge upon it here. Mr. H. 
Tooke’s derivation of it must however be 
stated, as it shews what have been the ac- 
tual procedures of language in the forma- 
tion of one of cur pronouns, and gives an 
insight into the probable origin of the rest. 
It, formerly written hit and liet, is the past 
participle of the verb hA.TTA.7l to name, 
and therefore means the person or persons, 
thing or things named, or afore-said : and 
accordingly was applied by all our old 
writers indifferently to plural and to singular 
nouns. We do not know whether a similar 
opinion, as to the origin of pronouns, has 
been before laid before the public, but the 
philosophical Greek professor of Glasgow, 
(whose prelections have often anticipated 
Mr. Ii. Tooke) long ago delivered it as his 
opinion, that some, at least, of the pronouns 
are participles ; and, if we mistake not, 
traced the origin of ryiu, and ipse, as follows. 
Eyw, in the mere ancient dialect of Greece, 
was sytvv, which is an obvious abbreviation 
or corruption of x tyuiv ; so that syu> (whence 
the Latin and other languages have their 
first person) signifies the speaking person. 
Jpse is lie Latin past participle from tow; 
and though this verb is not to be found in 
Latin writers, those who know how much 
the Latin is a dialect of the Greek, will not 
feel this ’a material difficulty : on this deri- 
vation ipse signifies the said person, &c. 
These speculations might be advantageously 
extended, w'ould our limits permit ; but suf- 
ficient has been said to show, that these 
words are not of that unintelligible nature 
which has been usually supposed. 
27. Respecting the inflection of pro- 
nouns, the same general principles are ap- 
plicable, as respecting that of nouns. His 
is obviously he’s; and whatever be the ori- 
gin of the possessive termination of the 
noun, it has the same origin here. Mine, 
thine, and hern and theirn still retained in 
some of our dialects, have apparently the 
same origin as icooden, ivoollen, tkv. The 
objective form is merely a grammatical 
appropriation of one of the forms of the 
pronouns, to a particular purpose; and we 
still find that her, among the vulgar, is com- 
monly employed as the subject of verbs in- 
stead of she. 
28. Though we see no reason to give the 
appellation pronoun to those words which 
are called adjective pronouns, (and accord- 
ingly we class them as restrictives), yet 
there is one word of peculiar importance, 
which seems properly a pronoun, and to 
which some attention is necessary ; viz. the 
relative. We have already observed several 
of the contrivances of language to particu- 
larize general terms ; another is, to restrict 
or explain the general term by means of 
a dependent sentence connected with it 
by a relative. We will first consider what 
the relative performs, and then how it per- 
forms it. Take the following examples; 
every man, who loves truth, abhors false- 
hood ; and John, who loves truth, hates 
falsehood. If the relative clause had been 
omitted in the former sentence, (lie remain- 
ing assertion would have been false ; here 
then it is restrictive : in the second it is 
merely explanatory, and in such cases, so 
far from being necessary, may even destroy 
the unity and force of the sentence. To 
explain the subject of discourse, and to 
restrict its signification, are the two offices 
of the relative. If the custom of language 
allowed it, precisely the same purpose 
might be answered by au adjective or par- 
ticiple connected with the term, as, every 
man loving truth, ike. and it might seem 
useless to introduce a new procedure ; 
but the utility of the present plan is ob- 
vious, when we consider the immense num- 
ber of new words which must be introduc- 
ed to supply the place of the relative, and 
further that it enables us to state a greater 
variety of circumstances in connection with 
the antecedent, and occasionally to state 
them more forcibly. The relative is equi- 
valent to a 'personal pronoun with a con- 
nective of general signification. We do 
not mean to affirm that in the original sig- 
nification that connective will be found ; 
