edifice made in a garden, in imitation of 
a natural grotto. 
The outsides of these grottos are usually 
' adorned with rustic architecture, and their 
inside with shell-work, coral, &c. and also 
furnished with various fountains, and other 
ornaments. 
The following is recommended as a good 
cement for grotto-work. Take two parts 
of w hite resin, melt it clear, add to it four 
parts of bees-wax ; when melted together, 
add some flower of the stone you design 
to cement, two or three parts, or so much 
as will give the cement the colour 'of the 
stone ; to this add one part of the flower 
of sulphur: first incorporate all together 
over a gentle fire, and afterwards kqead it 
with your hands in warm water. With 
this fasten the stones, shells, &c. after they 
are well dried, and warmed before the fire. 
GROUND, in painting, the surface upon 
which the figures and other objects are re- 
presented. See Painting. 
GROUP, in painting and sculpture, is 
an assemblage of two or more figures of 
men, beast, fruits, or the like, which have 
some apparent relation to each other. 
Groups, with respect to the design, are 
combinations of several figures, which bear 
a relation to each other, either upon ac- 
count of the action, or of their proximity, 
or of the effect they produce. These we 
conceive as representing so many different 
subjects, or at least so many distinct parts 
or members of one great subject. Thus, 
in architecture, we say a group of co- 
lumns, when we speak of three or four 
columns standing together on the same 
pedestal. 
Groups, with respect to the clair-obscure, 
are assemblages of figures, where the lights 
and shadows are diffused in such a manner, 
that they strike the eye together, and na- 
turally lead it to consider them in one view. 
Group, in music, one of the kinds of 
diminutions of long notes, which, in work- 
ing, form a sort of group, knot, or bush. It 
usually consists of four or more crotchets, 
quavers, &c. died together at the discretion 
of the composer. 
GRUB, the name of worms produced 
from the eggs of beetles, ■Which are at length 
transformed into winged insects of the same 
species with their parents. 
GROUSE, a species of the Tetrao, 
which see. 
GRUINALES, in botany, the name of 
the fourteenth order of Linnaeus's Frag- 
ments. This order furnishes both herba- 
ceous and- woody plants. The roots ar« 
sometimes fibrous, apd sometimes tuberous, 
In some species of the oxalis, wood-sorrel, 
they are jointed ; the stems are cyliudric, 
and the young branches in some nearly 
square ; the buds are of a conic form, co- 
vered with scales ; the leaves in some ge- 
nera are simple, in others compound ; the 
flowers are hermaphrodite ; the calyx con- 
sists either of five distinct leaves, or of one 
leaf divided almost to the bottom into five 
parts; it generally accompanies the seed- 
bud to its maturity : the petals are five, 
spreading, and are frequently' funnel-shap- 
ed ; there are generally ten stamens, the 
anthers oblong, and frequently attached to 
the filaments by the middle; the seed- 
vessel is commonly a five-cornered capsule, 
with one, three, five, or ten cells, with one 
seed in each cell. In this order are the 
geranium, crane’s-bill; linum, flax; oxalis, 
wood-sorrel ; guiaeum, lignum-vit®. ' 
GRUS, the crane. See Ardea. 
GRYLLO talpa, the mole-cricket, a 
species of gryllus, with tire anterior feet 
palmat-'d. See the next article. 
GRYLLUS, in natural history, the locust, 
grasshopper, and cricket, a genus of insects 
belonging to the order Hemiptera. Ge- 
neric character : head inflected, armed 
with jaws, and furnished with feelers ; an- 
tenna, in most species, either filiform or 
setaceous; wings four, deflex, convoluted; 
lower wings pleated ; hind legs formed fin- 
leaping ; claws double on all the feet, 
There are sixty-one species, of which the 
following are most worthy of notice : 1. 
Among the most numerous species is the 
gryllus migratorius of Linnaeus, or common 
migratory locust, which of all the insects 
capable of injuring mankind seems to pos- 
sess the most dreadful powers of destruc- 
tion. Legions of these animals are from 
time to time observed in various parts of 
the world, where the havock they commit 
is almost incredible: whole provinces are 
in a manner desolated by them in the 
space of a few days, and the air is darkened 
by their numbers : nay, even when dead, 
they are still terrible ; since the putrefac- 
tion arising from their inconceivable num- 
ber is such that it has been regarded as 
as one of the probable causes of pestilence 
in the eastern regions. This formidable 
locust is generally of a brownish colour, 
varied with pale red, Or flesh-colour, and 
the legs are frequently bluish. In the year 
1748, it appeared in irregular flights in 
several parts of Europe, as in Germany, 
