HAR 
with one and the same velocity, the differ- 
ent tones arising from the diversity of mo- 
tions, directed by the hand of the Almighty, 
must form an admirable symphony, or con- 
cert. They therefore supposed, that the 
moon, as being the lowest of the planets, 
corresponded to mi; Mercury, to fa; Ve- 
nus, to sol ; the sun, to la ; Mars, to si; Ju- 
piter, to lit ; Saturn, to re; and the orb of 
the fixed stars, as being the highest of all, 
to mi, or the octave. 
HARP, a musical instrument of the string 
kind, of a triangular figure, held upright 
between the legs of the person who plays 
upon it. See Musical Instruments. 
Harp, Eolian. See Acoustics. 
HARPINGS, in a ship, properly denote 
her breadth at the bow. Some also give 
the same name to the ends of the bends that 
are fastened into the stern. 
HARPSICHORD, the most harmonious 
of all the musical instruments of the string- 
kind. It is played on after the manner of 
the organ, and is furnished with a set, and 
sometimes with two sets, of keys; the 
touching or striking of these keys move a 
kind of. jacks, which also move a double 
row of chords, or strings, of brass or iron, 
stretched over four bridges, on the table of 
the instrument. See Music. 
HARPOON, sometimes called liarping- 
iron, a spear or javelin, used to strike the 
whales in the Greenland and South Sea fish- 
eries. It is furnished with a long shank, and 
has, at the one end, a broad and fiat tri- 
angular head, sharpened at both edges, so as 
to penetrate the whale with facility : to the 
other end of this weapon is fastened a long 
cord, called the whale-line, which lies care- 
fully coiled in the boat, so as to run out 
without being, entangled. See Fishery, 
whale. 
The gun-harpoon is a weapon used for 
the same purpose, but is fired opt of a gun, 
instead of being thrown by hand. It is 
made of steel, and has a chain attached to 
it, ,to which the line is fastened. 
HARTSHORN, spirit of. See Am- 
monia. 
HARTOGIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Dumosae. Rhamni, Jus- 
sieu. Essential character : calyx five-cleft ; 
petals four, spreading ; drupe ovate, inclosing 
two seeds. There is but one species, viz. 
H. capensis, found in the- woods near the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
HARVEST^, in zoology, a large four- 
HAT 
winged fly, of the cicada kind. See Ci- 
cada. 
HASSELQUISTTA, in botany, so named, 
in memory of Frederick Hasselquist, M. D. 
a genus of the Pentandria Digynia class and 
order. Natural order of Umbellatm. Es- 
sential character : corolla radiated, in the 
disk, male: seeds in the circumference dou- 
ble, with a notched edge ; in the disk soli- 
tary, pitcher-shaped, hemispherical. There 
are two species. 
HAT making. The materials for making 
hats, are rabbit’s fur, cut off from the skin,, 
after the hairs have been plucked out, to- 
gether with wool and beaver. 
The two former are mixed in various pro- 
portions, and of different qualities, accord- 
ing to the value of the article intended to 
be made ; and the latter is universally used 
for facing the finer articles, and never for the 
body or main stuff. Experience has shewn 
that these articles cannot be evenly, and 
well felted together, unless all the fibres 
be first separated, or put into the same 
state with regard to each other. This is 
the object of the first process, called bow- 
ing. The materials, without any previous 
preparation, are laid upon a platform of 
wood, or of wire, somewhat more than four 
feet square, called a hurdle, which is fixed 
against the wall of the work-shop, and is 
enlightened by a small window, and sepa- 
rated by two side partitions from other 
hurdles, which occupy the rest-of the space 
along the wall. The fyurdle, if of wood, is 
made of deal planks not quite three inches 
wide, disposed parallel to the wall, and at 
thC distance of one-fortieth, or one fiftieth 
of an inch from each other, for the purpose 
of suffering the dust, and other impurities 
of the stuff, to pass through ; a purpose still 
more effectually answered by the hurdle 
of wire. 
The workman is provided with a bow, a 
bow-pin, a basket, and several cloths. The 
bow is a pole of yellow deal-wood, between 
seven and eight feet long, to which are 
fixed two bridges, somewhat like that 
which receives the hair in the bow of the 
violin. Over these are stretched a catgut, 
about one-twelfth part of an inch in thick- 
ness. The bow-pin is a stick with a knob, 
and is used for plucking the bow-string. 
The basket is a square piece of ozier work, 
consisting of open strait bars with no cross- 
ing or interweaving. Its length across the 
bars may be about two feet, and its 
breadth eighteen inches. 
The sides into which the bars are fixed 
