HED 
planted according to the fancy of the owner, 
some preferring ever-greens, ,in which case 
the holly is best; next the yew, then the 
laurel, laurustinus, phiilyrea, &c. others 
prefer the beach, the hornbeam, and the 
elm. 
Hedge hog. See Erinacegs. 
Hedge sparrow, the brown motacilla, 
white underneath, and with a grey spot be- 
hind the eyes. See Motacilla. 
HEDWIGIA, in botany, so called from 
J. Hedwig, a genus of the Octandria Mono- 
gynia class and order. Essential character : 
calyx four- toothed; corolla four-cleft ; style 
none; capsule tricoccous ; seed a nut. There 
is only one species ; viz. H. balsamifera, a 
lofty tree more than sixty feet in height, 
and nearly five feet in circumference, a na- 
tive of St. Domingo. The wood is used 
for many purposes : the red gum that issues 
from the bark has a strong aromatic smell, 
and is serviceable in the cure of wounds ; it 
is frequently called bois cochon. 
HEDYCARYA, in botany, a genus of 
the Dioecia Icosandria class and order. 
Natural order of Scabridae. Urticae, Jus- 
sieu. Essential character : calyx eight or 
ten cleft; corolla none: male, filaments 
none ; anthers in the bottom of the calyx, 
four-furrowed, bearded at the tip : female, 
germs pedicelled; nuts pedicelled, one- 
seeded. There is but one species; viz. H. 
dentata, a native of New Zealand. 
HEDYCREA, in botany, a genus of the 
Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 
Essential character: calyx one-Ieafed, he- 
mispherical, five-toothed ; corolla none ; 
drupe oval, one-celled ; nut ovate, covered 
with fibres, one-celled; the shell hard. 
There is but one species; ; viz. H. incana, a 
native of Guiana, where it is called caligni 
by the natives, who are remarkably fond of 
the fruit, which is about the size of a large 
olive : the pulp is white, and of a sweetish 
taste ; the shell is bony, and separates with 
difficulty from the 'fibres in the pulp ; the 
kernel is two-lobed : it is but a small tree, 
not exceeding four feet in height. 
HEDYOSMUM, in botany, a genus of 
the Monoecia Polyandria class and order. 
Essential character : male, ament covered 
with anthers ; no perianth, corolla, or fila- 
ments : female, calyx three-toothed ; corol- 
la none; style one, three-cornered ; berry 
three-cornered, one-seeded. There are two 
species, both natives of Jamaica. 
HEDYOTIS, in botany, a genus of the 
Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Stella!®- Rubiaceas, Jus- 
HEE 
sien. Essential character: corolla mono* 
petalous, funnel-shaped ; capsule two-celled, 
many-seeded, inferior. There are eight 
species, natives of the East and West In- 
dies, also of Cochin-china. 
HEDYPNOIS, in botany, a genus of the 
Syngenesia Polygamia iEqualis class and 
order. Natural order of Composite Semi- 
flosculosae. Cichoraceie, Jussieu. Essen- 
tial character : calyx calycled, with short 
scales ; seeds crowned with the calycle ; 
outer without down, covered up in the 
scales of the calyx ; inner having a down of 
five erectish awned chaffs: receptacle naked, 
hollow dotted. This genus, according to 
Professor Martyn, embraces some species 
of Hyoseris and of Crepis, which see. 
HEDYSARUM, in botany, a genus of 
the Diadelphia Decandria class and order. 
Natural order, of Papilionaceae or Legumi- 
nosae. Essential character : corolla keel 
transversely obtuse ; legume jointed, with 
one seed in each joint. There are ninety 
species, only one of which is a native of 
Great Britain; viz. II. onobrychis, saint- 
foin, or cockshead, and but ten which are 
natives of Europe. Most of these are pe- 
rennial. Linnaeus relates a remarkable phe- 
nomenon belonging to H. gyrans, sensitive 
hedysarum, which is as follows : “ This is 
a wonderful plant, on account of its volun- 
tary motion, which is not occasioned by 
any touch, irritation, or movement in the 
air, as in the Mimosa, Oxalis, and Dionaea; 
nor is it so evanescent as in Amorpha. No 
sooner had the plants raised from seed ac- 
quired their ternate leaves, than they be- 
gan to be in motion this way and that: this 
movement did not cease during the whole 
course of their vegetation, nor were they 
observant of any time, order, or direction ; 
one leaflet frequently revolved, whilst the 
other on the same petiole was quiescent; 
sometimes a few leaflets only were in mo- 
tion, then almost all of them would be in 
movement at once ; the whole plant was 
very seldom agitated, and that only during 
the first year. It continued to move in the 
stove during the second year of its growth, 
and was not at rest even in winter.” 
HEEL, in the sea language. If a ship 
leans on one side, whether she be aground 
or afloat, then it is said she heels a starboard, 
or a-port ; or that she heels offwards, or to 
the shore ; that is, inclines more to one side 
than to another. 
Heel of the mast, that part of the foot of 
any mast which is pared away slanting on 
the aftward side thereof, in order that it 
