HERALDRY. 
Earl Marshal’s hand ; which done, the King 
signs the same, and so it passes the privy 
seal and broad seal ; and that once obtain- 
ed, they are to be sworn and created by 
the Earl Marshal, or his deputy. 
Of the Kings of Arms. 1. Garter prin- 
cipal King of Arms of Englishmen, and 
chief officer of arms of the most noble order 
of the Garter. 2. Clarencienx King of 
Arms. 3. Norroy King of Arms. 
Garter. This officer was constituted by 
King Henry V. with the advice and consent 
of the Knights of the Garter, tor the service 
of the said most noble society, and from 
thence took his name; and his Majesty, for 
the greater dignity of the order, being 
pleased to annex thereto the office of prin- 
cipal King of Arms, from hence he is 
honoured with two distinct titles, Garter, 
and principal King of Arms. 
The duty of his office, in relation to the 
Garter, is in general, to perform whatever 
the Sovereign, prelate, or chancellor of the 
said order, shall enjoin him relating thereto ; 
such as carrying the rod and sceptre at 
every feast of St. George, when the Sove- 
reign is present, to notify the election of 
such Knights as are newly elected, to call 
upon them to be installed at Windsor, to 
attend the solemnity at their installation, to 
cause their arms to be put over their seats 
in the chapel there, to marshal the funeral 
rights and ceremonies of those knights, to 
carry the Garter to foreign kings and 
princes, that are chosen to be knights of 
that most noble order, to take cognizance 
of the arms of the nobility, and to make 
supporters to those created to any new 
degree of peerage; for which he has allow- 
ed him a salary and fees, both from the 
Sovereign and the knights. 
This officer, as principal Herald or King 
of Arms in England (as Lion is in Scotland, 
and Ulster in Ireland) marshals the solemn 
funerals of the higher nobility of England, 
as Princes, Dukes, Marquisses, Earls, Vis- 
counts, and Barons, as also does many other 
services to the King and State ; and there- 
fore, as the other Kings have, has a salary 
out of the Exchequer, and double their 
fees at the instalments of the Knights of 
the Garter, and a composition for the up- 
permost garment of each knight at his in- 
stallation. ' 
It may not be improper to notice the 
peculiar bearings or attributes of the great- 
est antiquity before we proceed to treat of 
mere modern facts. The Heathen divini- 
ties had each their distinctive mark ; Jupi- 
ter wielded the lightning in his right hand ; 
Neptune bore the three pronged trident ; 
Mars the spear; Saturn the scythe ; and Bac- 
chus the spear, encircled by ivy ; the Phry- 
gians, the sow ; the Goths, a bear ; the 
Thracians, Mars ; the ancient French, the 
lion, which was afterwards changed to the 
toad, afid that asrain for the flenr de lis, 
sent them from Heaven by an angel, whose 
commission was directed to Clovis, their 
first Christian monarch ; the Saxons, a 
horse ; the Flemings, a bull; the King of 
Antioch, an eagle grasping a dragon ; the 
Romans, the eagle ; Pompey, a lion hold- 
ing a sword ; yet the Roman people, who 
were saved by the cackling of geese, de- 
spised that bird in too great a degree to 
admit itjnto their ensigns : exclusive of the 
above, there were many nations and indivi- 
duals who distinguished themselves by exhi- 
biting every description of weapons on their 
banners. It should also be observed, that 
the most ferocious beasts and birds were 
selected as emblematic of honour and cou- 
rage, for this reason, shields, with their 
figures only, are considered as most honour- 
able and ancient ; but those with trees, 
flowers, plants, the sun, moon, planets, vari- 
eties of colours, or charged with any of the 
honourable ordinaries, or artificial objects, 
are deemed of less importance. 
The seience of heraldry consists princi- 
pally of blazoning and marshalling ; the for- 
mer is the art of displaying a coat of arms in 
its proper colours, the latter is the combin- 
ing various arms in one shield. In blazoning 
it is usual to begin with the field, and then 
proceed with the charge, and in naming the 
objects charged in the field, to mention the 
most predominant, and next the field, first ; 
and then the most remote. Gwillim ob- 
serves, that tmeture is a variable hue of 
arms, and as applicable to differences as to 
the arms, and is distributed into colours 
and furs. The same author considers co- 
lours an external dye, or the gloss of any 
illuminated object, and the colour alluded 
to is considered general and special. The 
general implies the natural colour of bodies, 
whether artificial or otherwise ; those borne 
in their natural colours must be blazoned 
proper, without mentioning the colours. 
There are forms in heraldry which have 
names only applied to them, and no co- 
lour specified in the blazoning, the term 
sufficiently explaining the colour of each ; 
they resemble a globe or ball, and are 
called besants the colour or plates ar- 
gent; hurts, azure; torteauxes, gules ; pel- 
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