HERALDRY. 
the fourth a martlet, the fifth an annulet, 
the sixth a fieur de lis, the seventh a rose, 
the eighth a cross moline, and the ninth a 
double quatrefoil, (see figures 15, 16, 17, 
18, 19, 20, 21, 22. ) 
Those differences should be strictly ob- 
served by every brother or house, to 
prevent contention relating to coat ar- 
mour. , 
In the second house, the first son bears 
a crescent charged with a label during his 
father’s life only ; the second son, of the 
same house, a crescent charged with ano- 
ther crescent; the third, a crescent charged 
with a mullet; the. fourth, a crescent charg- 
ed with a martlet; the fifth, a crescent 
charged with an annulet ; and the sixth, a 
Crescent charged with a fieur de lis. 
The mullet, which is the difference of the 
third house, is thus charged : the first son, 
with a label during the life of his father ; 
the second, with a crescent ; the third, with 
a mullet; the fourth, with a martlet; the 
fifth, with an annulet; and the sixth, a fieur 
de lis. 
The martlet, annulet, and fieur de lis, 
the differences of the fourth, fifth and sixth 
houses, are charged for distinctions similar 
to the mullet. 
The daughters of families are permitted 
to bear their fathers arms, with the same 
distinctions used by them. 
The shield, or escocheon, the mantle, the 
helmet and crest, are the several parts of 
arms which compose an achievement. Ac- 
cidents in the escocheon, are points and 
abatements ; the former are places in file 
shield named according to their position in 
the middle, or remote, the middle are near 
the centre. The fess point is the centre 
of the escocheon. The honour point is in 
a direct line above it, and the nombril is 
next below it. Remote points are placed 
at still greater distances from the fess point, 
some of which are superior and others in- 
ferior ; the former occupy the upper part 
of the escocheon, and of those there are 
middle and extremes, the middle is the 
exact middle of the chief between the two 
extremes ; the two superior extreme points 
occupy the corners of the chief part of the 
escocheon, and are termed the dexter and 
sinister. The inferior points are at the 
base, and of them there are middle and re- 
mote, (see fig. 23) in which A is the dexter 
chief point; B, the precise middle chief ; C, 
the sinister chief; D, the honour point; E, 
the fess point; F, the nombril point; G, 
the dexter base; H, the dexter middle 
base ; I, the sinister base point. An abate- 
ment is a casual mark annexed to coat 
armour, which announces some dishonour- 
able act of the bearer. Abatements con- 
sist of diminution and reversing, the first 
is the blemishing of some particular point 
of the escocheon by sanguine and tenne, 
which are stains ; were the metals used they 
would be considered additions of honour. 
See fig. 24. 
Augmentations are additional charges 
borne on an escocheon, a canton, or chief, 
and given as particular marks of honour. 
See fig. 26. 
Escocheons are either of one or more 
tinctures : of those of more than one, that 
is said to be predominant, when some one 
metal-colour or fur is supposed to be spread 
over the whole surface of the escocheon, 
which is termed the field, or shield : in such 
as have more than one tincture, the field 
and charge must be observed. 
The charge is that which possesses the 
field, whether natural, artificial, vegetable, 
or sensitive, and may be placed throughout 
the superfices, or in some particular part 
of the escocheon. 
Ordinaries consist oflines variously drawn. 
The properties of them depend upon their 
deviations from a right line. Those are 
termed engrailed, invected, waved, crenelle, 
or embattled, nebnle, indented, and dan- 
eette. (See fig. 27.) Of these, and straight 
lines, honourable ordinaries, abatements, 
and rewards of honour are composed. 
The honourable ordinaries are the cross, 
chief, fess, barr, pale, chevron, bend, saltier, 
and escocheon. 
The cross occupies the fifth part of the 
escocheon; if charged, the third; and is 
borne engrailed, invected, wavey, &c. be- 
tween a charge, and charged as the rest of 
the ordinaries are. (See fig. 28.) Argent a 
cross sable. 
The chief is peculiar to those who have 
obtained it by extraordinary merit: it con- 
tains one third part of the escocheon in 
depth, and is divided into a fillet, which 
includes a fourth part of the chief, and is 
placed in the chief point. (See fig. 29.) 
Or, a chief gules. 
The fess is situated in the centre of the 
shield, and contains in breadth the third 
part of the escocheon. (See fig. 30. Azure 
a fess, or.) The bar differs from the fess 
only, as it is but the fifth part of the shield. 
It is divided into the closet, or a moiety of 
the bar ; and the barulet, or half the closet. 
The pale contains the third part of the 
