HOP 
the snn beams. As to the tying of hops, 
the buds that do not clasp of themselves to 
the nearest pole, when they are grown to 
three or four feet high, must be guided to 
it by the hand, turning them to the sun, 
whose course they will always follow. They 
must be bound with withered rushes, but 
not so close as to prevent them from climb- 
ing up the pole. This you must continue to 
do till all the poles are furnished with hinds, 
of which two or three are enough for a 
pole, and all the sprouts and binds that you 
have no occasion for, are to be plucked up ; 
but if the ground is young, then none of 
these useless binds should be plucked up, 
but should be wrapped up together in the 
middle of the hill. About the beginning of 
July the hops begin to blow, and will be 
ready to gather about Bartholomew tide. 
A judgment may be made of their ripeness 
by their strong scent, their hardness, and 
the brownish colour of tlieir seed. When 
by these tokens they appear to be ripe, 
they must he picked with all the expedition 
possible ; for if at this time a storm of wind 
should come, it would do them great da- 
mage by breaking the branches, and bruis- 
ing and discolouring the bops ; and it is 
well known that hops, being picked green 
and bright, will sell for a third more than 
those which are discoloured and brown. 
The most convenient way of picking 
them is into a long square frame of wood, 
called a bin, with a cloth hanging on tenter 
hooks within it, to receive the hops as they 
are picked. The best method 4 of drying 
hops is with charcoal on an oast, or kiln, 
covered with hair cloth, of the same form 
and fashion that is used for drying malt. 
The hops must be spread even upon the 
oast, a foot thick or more, if the depth of 
the curb will allow it ; but care is to be ta- 
ken not to over load the oast, if the hops 
are green or wet. The oast ought to be 
first warmed with a fire before the hops are 
laid on, and tlien au even steady fire must 
be kept under them ; it must not be too 
fierce at first, lest it scorch the hops ; nor 
must it be suffered to sink or slacken, but 
rather be increased till the hops are nearly 
dried, lest the moisture or sweat, which 
the fire has raised, fall back or discolour 
them. When they have lain about nine 
hours they must be turned, and in two or 
three hours more they may be taken off the 
oast. It may be known when they are 
well dried by the brittleness of the stalks, 
and the easy falling off of the hop leaves. 
As soon as the hops are taken off the kiln, 
HOR 
lay them in a room for three weeks or a 
month to cool, give, and toughen ; for if 
they are bagged immediately, they will 
powder,, but if they lie a while (and the 
longer they lie the better, provided they are 
covered close with blankets to secure them 
from the air) they may be bagged with 
more safety, as not being liable to be 
broken to powder in treading ; and this will 
make them bear treading the better, and 
the harder they are trodden, the better 
they will keep. 
Hops, by several statutes, regulations 
are made for the curing of hops, &c. which 
are placed under the inspection of the offi- 
cers of excise. 
HOPPER, a kind of basket, wherein 
the seed-corn is carried at the time of sow- 
ing. It is also used for the wooden trough 
in a mill, into which the corn is put to be 
ground. See Mill. 
HORARY, or Hour Circle of a globe, 
is a small brazen circle, fixed upon the 
brazen meridian, divided into twenty-four 
hours, having an index moveable round the 
axis of the globe, which, upon turning the 
globe fifteen degrees, will show what places 
have the sun an hour before or after us ; for 
instance, if the index of the hour circle be 
set at the upper xn. when the globe is rec- 
tified for London, and the globe turned 15 
degrees from east to west, the index will 
point at the hour of i. which shews that all 
places under that meridian, and particularly 
Naples, have the sun an hour soo'ner than 
London has it: on the contrary, let the in- 
dex be set at the upper xn. again, and the 
globe be turned 15 degrees from west to 
east, the index will point at xi. because all 
places under that meridian, particularly the 
Madeira islands, have the sun an hour after 
London has it. For the several problems 
performable on the globes, by means of the 
horary circle, see Globes, use of. 
Horary circles, or lines, in dialling, are 
the lines or circles which mark the hours on 
sun-dials. See Dialling. 
Horary motion of the earth, the arch it 
describes in the space of an hour, which is 
nearly 15 degrees, though not accurately so, 
as the earth moves with different velocities, 
according to its greater or lesser distance 
from the sun. Hence we see the method of 
reducing motion into time, and rice versa ; 
since 15° = 60', or one hour, 1° = 4' : there- 
fore the clocks at places 15° east of London 
are one hour faster than those at Londofi ■ 
and the clocks at places 15° west of London 
are one hour later than those at London, and 
