HUS 
011 a separate trade ; and as such, is liable 
to the statutes of bankruptcy, with respect 
to the goods in such Separate trade, with 
which the husbaud cannot intermeddle. If 
the wife is indebted before marriage, the 
husband is bound afterwards to pay the 
debt, living with the wife ; for he has adopt- 
ed her and her circumstances together ; but 
if the wife die, the husband shall not be 
charged for the debt of his wife after her 
death ; if the creditor of the wife do not 
get judgment during the coverture. 
The husband is bound to provide his wife 
necessaries, and if she contract for them, 
he is obliged to pay for them ; but for any 
thing besides necessaries he is not chargea- 
ble : and also, if a wife elope, and live with 
another man, the husband is not chargeable 
even for necessaries ; at least if the person 
who furnish them be sufficiently apprised 
of her elopement. A man having issue by 
his wife, born alive, shall be tenant by the 
courtesy of all the lands in fee-simple, or 
fee-tail general, of which she shall die seis- 
ed ; and after her death, he shall have all 
chattels real ; as the term of the wife, or a 
lease for years of the wife, and all other 
chattels in possession ; and also all such as 
are of a mixed nature (partly in possession 
and partly in action), as rents in arrear, in- 
curred before the marriage or after; but 
things merely in action, as of a bond or ob- 
ligation to the wife, he can only claim them 
as administrator to his wife, if he survive 
her. If the wife survive the husband, she 
shall have for her dower, the third part of 
all his freehold lands : so she shall have her 
term for years again, if he have not altered 
the property during his life: so also she 
shall have again all other chattels real and 
mixed ; and so things in action, as debts, 
shall remain to her, if they were not re- 
ceived during the marriage : but if she 
elope from her husband, and go away with 
her adulterer, she shall lose her dower ; un- 
less her husband had willingly, without co- 
ercion ecclesiastical, been reconciled to 
her, and permitted her to cohabit with him. 
Husband, ship's, the owner, who takes 
the direction and management of a ship’s 
concerns upon himself, the other owners pay- 
ing him a commission for his trouble. 
HUSBANDRY. See Agriculture. 
HUSO. See Acipenser. 
HUSTINGS. This court is held before 
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London. 
Error or attaint lies there, of a judgment or 
felse verdict in the Sheriff’s court. Other 
HYD 
cities and towns, as York, Lincoln, &c. y 
also have had a court of the same name. 
HYACINTH, in mineralogy, a species 
of the zircon genus : the colohr is red 
which passes through various shades into 
orange yellow, and from the yellow it 
passes into greenish grey and greenish 
white. It occurs in grains and likewise 
crystallized : its specific gravity is from 
4 to 4.6. Different specimens have been 
analyzed : one from the island of Ceylon 
contained : 
Zircon 70 
Silica... 25 
Oxide of iron '. . .. 0.50 
06.50 
Loss 4.50 
100 
When exposed to the blow pipe it loses its 
colour, but not its transparency : it is in- 
fusible, excepting with borax, which con- 
verts it into a white transparent glass. If 
exposed to heat made by oxygen gas, it 
melts into a greyish white glass bead. It 
is found chiefly in the sand at Ceylon, 
though some specimens have been obtain- 
ed in various parts of the continent of 
Europe. It will take a fine polish, and 
when very pure is highly esteemed. 
HYACINTHUS, in botany, Hyacinth 
or Harebells, a genus of the Hexandria 
Monogynia class and order. Natural order 
of Lilia Roy, or Liliaceas. Asphodeli, 
Jussieu. Essential character : corolla bell- 
shaped, with three honied pores by the 
germ. There are seventeen species. 
HYADES, in astronomy, seven stars in 
the bull’s head, famous among the poets 
for the bringing of rain. 
The principal of them is in the left eye, 
called by the Arabs, Aldebaran. See Al- 
debaran, and Astronomy. 
HYALITE, in mineralogy, a species of 
the flint genus. Colour yellow and greyish 
W'hite : it occurs in thin crusts on other 
minerals, and has much resemblance to 
gum, and is nearly allied to opal. 
HYBERNACULUM, in botany, that 
part of the plant which defends the em- 
bryo herb from injuries during the severities 
of winter, hence the name, hybernaculum 
or winter quarters. 
H Y BL/E A . ' See Piiai./ENA. 
HYDNUN, in botany, a genus of the 
Cryptogamia Fungi. Generic character : a 
horizontal fungus, echinated beneath with 
awl shaped fibres. Linnaeus has six species 
