JON 
secure the wife a competent provision, and 
also to exclude her from claiming dower, 
and likewise her settlement, it seems that a 
provision or settlement on the wife, though 
by way of trust, if in other respects it an- 
swer the intention of the statute, will be 
enforced in a court of equity. It should 
be made during the coverture ; this the very 
words of the act of parliament require, and 
therefore if a jointure be made to a woman 
during her coverture in satisfaction of dower, 
she may wave it after her husband’s death ; 
but if she enter, and agree thereto, she is 
concluded; for though a woman is not 
bound by any act when she is not at her 
own disposal, yet if she agree to it when 
she is at liberty, it is her own act, and she 
cannot avoid it. 
JOISTS, in architecture, those pieces of 
timber framed into the girders and sum- 
mers, on which the boards of the floor are 
laid. See Architecture and Building. 
IONIC order , the third of the five orders 
of architecture, being a kind of mean be- 
tween the robust and delicate orders. See 
Architecture. 
Ionic dialect, in grammar, a manner of 
speaking peculiar fo the people of Ionia. 
At first it was the same with the antient 
Attic; but passing into Asia, it did not ar- 
rive at that delicacy and perfection to which 
the Athenians attained. The Ionians gene- 
rally changed the u into », as crotyia . into 
tjotyin ; they put the n and i for s, and am for 
tl, as ayfriiov for ccyfuov : avayxam for 
avayuri : they also change a and ei into rii, 
au into urj, ei into sa and ee, ev into u and 
nv, and so into eu. 
JONCQUETIA, in botany, so named 
in memory of Denis Joncquet, a genus of 
the Decandria Tetragynia class and order. 
Essential character : calyx five-leaved ; pe- 
tals five, spreading ; filaments growing to a 
glandule; styles none; capsule sub-globu- 
lar, one -celled, five-valved, five-seeded. 
There is but one species, viz. J. guianensis, 
a large tree, forty to fifty feet high, and 
about three in diameter with a russet 
bark, and a white uncompact wood ; it has 
a great number of branching boughs at the 
top, those in the middle erect, the rest ho- 
rizontal, spreading in all directions. Na- 
tive of Guiana. 
JONES (Inigo), an eminent architect, 
was the sou of a clothworker in London, 
and was bom in that city about 1572. 
Scarcely any thing is known of the manner 
in which he passed his early years, but it is 
probable that he enjoyed few advantages of 
JON 
education, and was destined to a mecha- 
nical employment. He displayed, how- 
ever, a talent for the fine arts, which at- 
tracted the notice of some lords about the 
court, among whom were the Earls of 
Arundel and Pembroke. The latter of 
these noblemen has generally the credit of 
becoming his patron, and sending him into 
Italy for the purpose of perfecting himself 
in landscape painting, to which his genius 
seemed first to point. He took up his resi- 
dence chiefly at Venice, where the works 
of Palladio gave him a turn to the study 
of architecture, which branch of art he 
made his profession. He acquired a repu- 
tation in that city, which procured him an 
invitation from Christian IV. King of Den- 
mark, to come and occupy the post of his 
first architect. He was some years in the 
service of that sovereign, whom be accom- 
panied, in 1606, on a visit to his brother-in- 
law, King James, and, expressing a desire 
of remaining in his native country, he was 
appointed architect to the Queen. He 
served Prince Henry in the same capacity, 
and obtained a grant in reversion of the 
place of Surveyor General of the Works. 
After the death of the Prince, Jones again 
visited Italy, where he pursued further im- 
provement during some years. When the 
Surveyor’s place fell, he returned to occupy 
the office, and finding the Board of Works 
much in debt, he relinquished his own 
dues, and prevailed upon the Comptroller 
and Paymaster to do the same, till all ar- 
rears were cleared. 
The King, in 1620, set him a task better 
suited to a man of learning than an artist, 
which was, to exercise his ingenuity in con- 
jecturing the founders and the purpose of 
that remarkable remain of antiquity, Stone- 
henge. Jones, whose ideas were all Roman, 
convinced himself that it ought to be 
ascribed to that people, and wrote a trea- 
tise to prove his point; but of all the 
guesses relative to that structure, this has 
least obtained the concurrence of sound 
antiquarians. At that time he was building 
the banquetting-house at Whitehall, which 
was meant only as a pavilion to a splendid 
palace intended to be erected, and of 
which there exists a magnificent design 
from his ideas. The banquetting house 
subsists, a model of the pure and elegant 
taste of the architect. He was in that 
reign appointed a commissioner for repair- 
ing the cathfedral of St. Paul’s, which office, 
as well as his other posts, were continued 
to him under Charles I. The entertain- 
