THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
In the Monograph of the Petrels, these birds — as most others — were not 
treated progressively, and we therefore find birds from Tristan d’Acunha, 
New Zealand, and Kerguelen Island, all classed under P. exsul, though it was 
admitted that New Zealand was the type-locafity of P. urinatrix, and that 
it also occurred there, the insinuation being that P. exsul was only a variant of 
P. urinatrix, yet generally recognisable. If the birds are separated according 
to localities, a better comprehension of the facts is gained, and also the apparent 
anomalies are brought into perspective. 
Long series from Kerguelen Island prove these birds to be quite constant 
in their general characters, the bill and wing growing appreciably with age ; 
the nostrils having their walls thickened in the adult, and the juvenile having 
whitish tips to the feathers of the back, wing-coverts and secondaries. As 
noted above, the type-locafity of P. urinatrix is New Zealand, and from that 
place we have a number of specimens, but from many localities' — the Snares, 
Stewart Island, Auckland Islands, and New Zealand — without further data. 
These represent different subspecies, as far as can be judged ; and in two 
specimens labelled as coming from the Auckland Islands a new variation 
is noted which, if the locality were correct, would indicate another species. 
Under the circumstances, I am accepting the majority of the New Zealand 
specimens as typical P. urinatrix, and for the present I have to associate with 
these the Australian breeding bird. 
The following subspecies are at present determinable : — 
P. urinatrix urinatrix Gmelin ; 
Australian and New Zealand seas ; breeding. 
P. urinatrix exsul Salvin ; Kerguelen Island and the Crozets. 
P. urinatrix dacunhcB NicoU ; Tristan d’Acunha ; ? Gough Island. 
P. urinatrix herard Quoy and Gaimard ; Falkland Islands. 
P. urinatrix coppingeri, subsp. n ; Straits of Magellan. 
This form is smaller than P. u. herard, and has very little splashing on the 
throat, thereby differing from P. u. dacunhce, which also appears to be smaller 
than P. u. herard, but which has more splashing on the throat than that 
form ; P. u. daeunhm in that respect is intermediate between P. u. herard and 
P. u. exsul, but is very much smaller than the latter bird. 
I have stated that the genus Pufjinuria should be utilised for the P. garnotii 
group, which differs in the shape of the nostrils and bill generally. This seems 
to be the only consistent course since Thalassoica and Priocella are recognised 
and in which genera the distinguishing features are much more uncertain and 
difficult to ascertain. 
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