EAST AUSTRALIAN WHISKERED TERN. 
winter-birds to accurately fix the range of each subspecies. The Western 
Palsearctic forms are well provided with names, however many subspecies 
are hereafter recognised. The type-locahty of Temminck’s S. leucopareia 
may be fixed as Hungary, according to the original description here given: — 
Sterna leucopareia. Temminck, Manuel d’Orn., Vol. II., p. 746, 1820. 
Bee et pieds d’un rouge de laque ; doigt du milieu avec I’ongle beaucoup plus long 
que le tarse qui mesure 10 lignes ; queue tres peu fourchue ; les ailes s’entendent de pouce 
au dela de son extremite. Front, sommet de la tete, occiput, cou et toutes les parties 
inferieures d’un blanc pur ; une tache noire derriere les yeux ; manteau, dos, ailes, remiges 
et queue d’un meme nuance de gris cendre ; bee et pi^s d’rm rouge de laque fence ; iris 
noir. Longueur, 11 pouces. Le male et la femelle en plumage parfait d’hiver. Plumage 
de printemps ou des noces. Un capuchon d’un noir profond couvre la tete, engage le region 
des yeux et se prolonge sur la nuque ; du blanc pur forme au dessous des yeux une large 
moustache qui vient recouvrir I’orifice des oreilles ; gorge d’lm blanc cendre qui se nuance 
par demi-teinte en cendre pur sur la poitrine, et en cendre noiratre sur le ventre et sur 
les flancs ; toutes les parties superieures, les ailes et la queue d’une seule nuance de cendre 
fonce ; couvertures interieures des ailes et couvertures du dessous de la queue d’un blanc 
pur, bee et pieds d’un rouge vif. 
Hab. “ des parties orientales du midi de I’Europe ” — Hungary. 
Of this, Hydrochelidon leucogenys Brehm {Vdgelfang, p. 350, 1855) from 
Unterungarn is an absolute synonym. 
If the West European birds are separable, then Vieillot’s Sterna delamotta 
{Tabl. Ency. Meth. Ornith., Vol. I., p. 350, 1820), founded on a Picardy bird, 
might be available ; while as Pallas’s name {loc. cit.)^ S. Tiyhrida, was proposed 
for a bird from South Volga, it would have to be considered for a race whose 
breeding-headquarters were in that locahty. Should the North African 
birds constitute a further race, then Brehm’ s introduction of H. 7neridionalis 
{Vdgeljang, p. 351, 1855) would be at hand, as his H. nilotica is only a misiden- 
tification (following Riippell) of Gmehn’s Sterna nilotica. 
For the North Indian breeding bird four names are available, as noted 
above, but the first name I conclude may be used as here detailed by Stephens 
in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., Vol. XIII., pt. i., p. 169, 1826 : — 
Tehary viralve Viralva indica Vi. corpore subtus capite colloque albis, pileo, 
occipite nuchaque nigris, alis dorso caudaque griseo-caeruleis. Viralve with the body 
beneath the head and neck white, the pileus, occiput and nape black, the wings, back and 
tail bluish grey. 
Tehary Tern. Lath. Gen. Hist. X., 103. 
Inhabits India. 
“ Beak stout and black ; irides dusky ; head, neck, and under parts whi^e ; from 
the middle of the crown to the nape, black ; back, Avings, and tail, pale ashy -blue, the last 
moderately forked, the wings exceed it by about two inches ; legs deep dull red.” — Latham. 
The other names cited would fall as synonyms. From examination of 
the Hume collection in the British Museum, it seems probable that more than 
one subspecies will be recognisable in the Indian Peninsula. One of the 
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