Plate LVII. 
DENDPCECA PENNSYLVANIA— Chestnut-sided Warbler. 
The Chestnut-sidecl Warbler arrives in the vicinity of Cleveland about the first of May, and remains 
until the last of September, or the first of October. During its migrations it is more plentiful than in 
the summer, being quite common in the fall in some localities. It builds its nest about the first of 
June, and rears but a single brood during the season. 
LOCALITY : 
It frequents the saplings and underbrush of retired woods, and the bushes and weeds among the 
tall timber along the banks of streams. It prefers damp soil, but is often found in dry upland woods. 
As a‘ site for a nest it generally selects a bush or low sapling in a thicket, about the border of the timber- 
land where it makes its home; but occasionally a similar position is chosen in the interior of the woods. 
The hazel bushes which abound in many parts of the State furnish favorite situations for the nest. 
POSITION : 
The site is commonly a fork, formed by two or more slender twigs, either twigs from the same stem 
or branches which accidentally cross each other. In such a crotch, about three or four feet from the ground, 
and well concealed by thickly clustered leaves, the materials are carried which are dexterously worked 
into one of the most beautiful and substantial specimens of woodland architecture. 
MATERIALS : 
The nest measures in external diameter between two and one-half and three and one-lialf inches, and 
in external depth, between two and three-eighths and three and five-eighths inches. The diameter of its 
cavity varies but little from one and seven-eighths inches, but its depth ranges between one and one-fourth 
and two inches. A nest before me measures two and three-fourth inches in external diameter, and is 
the same in external depth; its cavity is one and seven-eighths inches in diameter, by one and three- 
eighths in depth. It is built in a fork of a hazel bush, and is also fastened to a blackberry stem. About 
two-thirds of the nest is on one side of the crotch, so that it may be said to be built against it rather 
than saddled in it. The coarser parts consist of several wide strips of the inner bark of some forest tree, 
and a number of blades of grass. They are arranged circularly, and are secured to the branches in 
some places by being wrapped several times, and in others they are bound down with web or silken 
threads from cocoons. The bark and grass form a loose foundation, upon and within which is placed the 
superstructure of gray fibres and light-brownish, wiry weed-stems, and round tendrils from some climber. 
There is great uniformity in the size of these fibres, many of which have been split to reduce their 
thickness. Within the superstructure is a thick, red-brown lining of fine wiry threads of grape-vine bark 
and round grass. Another nest is placed against the crotch of a hazel bush, and is further supported by 
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