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GROUND-COLOR OF SHELL WHITE OR WHITISH — Continued. 
Ground Color of 
Shell. 
How Marked, Color of Marks, etc. 
No. in 
a Set. 
Location, Position, Materials, 
Size, etc., of Nest. 
English and Latin 
Name of Bird. 
White, 
Marked sparingly, and mostly aboutthe base, 
with blotches, spots, and speclcles of very dark 
brown. Deep shell-marks are gray and some- 
times nearly as plentiful as surface marks. 
3 to 5 
Nest pensile and covered with lichens; 
placed in trees i n woods, orchards, lawns, 
etc. Rather scarce. Only lichen-covered 
pensile nest in Ohio. Diameter of cavity 
about \% inches; depth of cavity about 
1% inches. 
Yellow-throated vireo. 
Lanivireo flavifrons. 
White, but often ob- 
scured by the abund- 
ance of the markings. 
Marked with spots and speckles, evenly and 
plentifully over entire shell, together with a 
few blotches about the base. Speckles pre- 
dominate on most eggs. Color of marks is 
very uniform, being brown, inclined to yellow. 
Deep shell-marks have a bluish cast. 
1 to 3 
to a 
nest. 
Eggs found in any of the smaller nests; 
also occasionally in nests of birds the 
size of a Robin. 
Cowbird. 
Molothrus ater. 
White, with some- 
times faintest creamy 
tint. 
Marked with dots, spots, speckles, and lines 
of brown, so dark as to be nearly black. 
Marks beneath the surface appear lavender. 
The smaller end of shell is usually nearly 
plain. Lines generally are circular or zigzag, 
and often form a wreath at base. 
3 to 4 
Nest usually in a poorly cultivated 
grass field near woods; preferably, re- 
cently cleared land. Placed on the 
ground in slight depression. Composed 
of clover-stems, weed-stems, straw, etc., 
lined with split grasses or long horse- 
hair. Diameter 'of cavity 2% inches; 
depth \ % inches. Nest said to be built 
sometimes in a bush. 
Lark Finch. 
Chondestes grammica. 
White. 
Marked with blotches, spots, and speckles of 
faint reddish-brown. Deep shell-marks blue- 
gray. Some eggs have a wreath around the 
crown, composed of confluent blotches and 
spots. Often the marks consist of several 
shades of the same color. 
4 to 5 
Nest on the ground, among the roots 
of upturned trees, etc., in dense woods. 
Com posed of leaves, grasses, weed-stems, 
and similar coarse materials, and lined 
with fibrous roots. 
Large-hilled Water 
Thrush. 
Siurus motacilla. 
White. 
Marked with spots and speckles of dull 
brown, with faint subiharkiugs of lavender, 
plentifully and uniformly distributed over 
whole shell, or marked with bold blotches of 
bright reddish-brown, confluent about the 
base, and every-where interspersed with 
smaller marks of same color. Eggs blunt. 
3 to 7 
Nest in natural or artificial cavity in 
old stump or tree in a bushy swamp, etc. 
Seldom higher than 15 feet. Made of 
moss, leaves, twigs, rootlets, etc., lined 
with fine rootlets, feathers, etc. 
Prothonotary Warbler. 
Protonotaria citrea. 
White. 
Marked with blotches, spots, and speckles of 
reddish-brown, distributed over the whole 
shell, thickest about base, sometimes forming 
a wreath. Deep shell-marks purplish. Some 
eggs are marked chiefly with large blotches; 
others are entirely speckled; some have short 
lines also. 
3 to 9 
Nest in town or country; often in a 
brush-heap in woods, etc.; generally 
about old buildings; situated in any un- 
frequented nook. Made of straw, grasses, 
weed-stems, paper, moss, etc., lined with 
grass, feathers, etc. Bits of snake skin 
usually to be found in nest. 
Carolina Wren. 
Thryothorus 
ludovicianus. 
White. 
Mnrked with blotches, spots, and speckles of 
reddish-brown. Deep shell-marks appear lav- 
ender, or neutral tint, not very heavily 
marked. Majority of blotches and spots at 
the base. 
-J to 5 
Nest in clover and grass fields, on the 
ground. Composed of grasses, weed- 
stems, etc., and lined with horse-hair 
and fine bleached grasses. Diameter of 
cavity about 2}i inches. 
Yellow-winged Sparrow. 
Coturniculus 
passerinus. 
White, with faint 
pinkish or grayish 
tint. 
Markings variable. Some eggs are blotched, 
spotted, and speckled with sepia, almost 
black, interspersed with coarse, irregular 
lines. Some eggs have, in addition, faint 
rusty-brown blotches and spots ; some are 
marked with rusty brown only, thickly sprin- 
kled over entire shell, so as nearly to obscure 
the ground-color. 
4 to 6 
Nest usually in a bare field, with here 
and there little clumps of grass or weeds. 
Always on the ground, in a slight cavity. 
Composed of weed-stems, grasses, and 
straws, etc., entwined and matted to- 
gether, lined with grasses, rootlets, and 
horse-hairs. Average diameter of cavity 
inches; depth about % inch. 
Grass Finch, 
Pocecetes gramineus. 
Dull white. 
Marked with large blotches, spots, and 
speckles, and occasionally scrawls of warm, 
rich brown, or brown nearly black. Deep 
shell-marks gray or purplish, and often nu- 
merous. Eggs usually profusely marked, 
sometimes ground-color nearly' obscured. 
Shell often looks as if stained. 
4 to 5 
Nest on the ground in damp meadows, 
etc. Composed of grass, clover-stalks, 
etc., lined with grass. Diameter of cav- 
ity about 3 inches. 
Bobolink. 
Dolichonyx oryzivorus. 
White. 
Marked with blotches, spots, and speckles of 
reddish-brown, with but few deep shell-marks; 
usually marked over whole shell, but most 
plentifully about the base Some eggs are 
only speckled. At times all marks are sub- 
dued in tone, and the blotches have irregular 
and indistinct outlines. 
I to 6 
Nest in woods with undergrowth of 
bushes, etc., on the ground at foot of 
bush or sapling, and in a tuft of grass or 
weeds. Said sometimes to be in a bush. 
Made of forest leaves rudely thrown to- 
gether, lined with rootlets, hairs, etc. 
Diameter of cavity from 2 to inches. 
Kentucky Warbler. 
Oporornis formosa. 
White. 
Marked with spots and speckles, rarely 
blotches, of bro\Vn-madder. On some eggs 
the color is deep and the spots large and con- 
fluent at the base; others are thickly spotted 
and spriukled from point to base, but most 
plentifully at the base, with light brown- 
madder. Dsually they are hut sparingly 
marked, with a tendency to form a wreath at 
the crown. Deep shell-marks not numerous. 
6 to 8 
Nest in town or country, in hollow 
trees, crevices in the bark of trees, etc.; 
also in deserted Woodpeckers' nests. 
Composed of leaves, grasses, lichens, 
moss, feathers, etc. 
Tufted Titmouse. 
Lopliophanes bicolor. 
White. 
Marked with spots and speckles, chiefly 
aboutthe base, with chocolate-brown, at times 
almost black. Occasionally very faint wavy 
lines in addition. Deep shell-marks yellow- 
ish-brown. From 40 to 100 marks to the egg. 
3 to 5 
Nest in trees and bushes, seldom higher 
than 20 feet, usually much lower; gener- 
ally in woods. Pensile. Composed of 
inner bark of trees, blades of grass, weed- 
fibres, silken threads, bits of wood, pieces 
of hornets’ nest, etc., lined with strips of 
grape-vine bark, etc. Diameter of cavity 
from 2 to 2}i inches. 
Red-eyed Vireo. 
Vireosylvia olivaeea. 
White or faint cream \ 
white. 
Marked about the base with a few reddish- 
brown or chocolate spots and speckles; 
usually plain. 
4 to 5 
Nest of mud, moss, etc., about bridges, 
deserted cabins, caves, etc.; often fas- 
tened to the perpendicular side of a rock 
or timber. 
Pewit Flycatcher. 
Sayornis fuscus. 
White. 
Marked with blotches, spots, and speckles of 
brown-madder, usually of light tint. Some 
eggs are sprinkled all over; others have bold 
blotches in a wreath about the base, and are 
speckled and spotted elsewhere. Deep shell- 
marks, grayish. 
4 to 9 
| Nest in trees, generally in the woods; 
may be in town. Birds excavate a hole 
high up in a tree. Eggs on bare floor of 
cavity, or a nest of hair, feathers, down, 
fur, grasses, etc., may be built. Nest 
occasionally in natural cavity. 
White-bellied Nuthatch. 
Sitta carolinensis. 
Pure white, or faint 
ly tinted with blue oi 
pink. 
Marked with blotches, dots, speckles, and 
irregular lines of dark brown or black, usu- 
ally irregularly distributed over the surface; 
sometimes the marks form a wreath around 
the crown. Deep shell-marks are indistinct. 
4 to 6 
Nest pensile, usually near the end of a 
branch. In woods, ‘towns, anywhere. 
Made of fibres, strings, etc. Cavity varies 
in depth from 2% to 6 inches; internal 
diameter at mouth from 2 % to 3% inches. 
Baltimore Oriole. 
Icterus galbula. 
xxxvii 
