Plate LXVIII. 
Fig. 2. DEN DR (EC A MACULOSA-Black and Yellow Warbler. 
The Black and Yellow Warbler is a rare summer resident in the northern part of Ohio. Over the 
rest of the State it usually occurs only as a migrant. In Central Ohio it is a plentiful species in May, 
and also in the fall. Dr. Wheaton has seen it the first week in June in the neighborhood of Columbus. 
This “indicates its breeding at no great distance.” It builds in June, and rears but a single brood 
during the season. 
LOCALITY : 
It pi'efers low, heavily timbered woods for its home, selecting for the site a bush or sapling. 
Audubon found its nest among the horizontal twigs of a low fir tree; Mr. Kennicott found one in a 
similar position in a spruce tree near Great Slave Lake; and Mr. II. Dean met with a nest near Lake 
Umbagog in the fork of a low spruce. Many other nests have been taken, all of which are in a like 
locality. 
POSITION : 
It is placed in a horizontal or perpendicular fork from two to ten feet from the ground. 
MATERIALS : 
A nest before me is a frail affair, resembling very much that of a Chipping Sparrow or Field Spar- 
row in material and mode of construction. Externally is a foundation of light colored tendrils of a slender 
trailing vine. Within this basket work is a thicker layer of still more slender, brown-madder-colored 
vegetable threads of vine, and within this is a lining of hair-like fibres of black moss. The diameter of 
the cavity is one and seven-eights inches; the depth is one and one-eighth inches. The wall in the 
thickest place is three-quarters of an inch, but the Avhole structure is so loosely woven that even here it 
can be readily seen through when held up to the light. This nest was found in 1884, at Grand Menan, 
A. B., in a fork of a low spruce, three and a half feet high. One of the nests referred to above “was 
only one and a half inches deep, with a diameter of three and a half inches; the cavity only one inch 
deep, with a diameter of two and a half inches. It was made almost entirely of fine stems of plants 
and slender grasses and a few mosses. The cavity was lined with finer stems, and fine black roots of 
herbaceous plants.” Capen says, page 25: “Of nine nests I have examined, all are similar in construction. 
They are composed of fine dry grass, weed-stalks, twigs, and fine rootlets, with a small amount of plant- 
down here and there attached to the outside, thinly lined with horse-hair and black fibres of some variety 
of moss. They are lightly though strongly made, and the bottoms of all were so slightly built as to 
present a sieve-like appearance.” Page 29, “ Nests and Eggs of North American Birds,” Mr. Davie says : 
291 
