THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
shot specimens on August 9th in winter-plumage, which he considered had 
bred there. 
La Touche [Ibis 1892, p. 497) says this species passes Foochow in September 
and October. A male in breeding-plumage being shot on September 1 2th. 
Campbell and White* write : “ A fair number of these birds was seen 
on the sandy beaches of Mast Head, Northwest and Tryon Islands. They 
appeared to have just arrived in company with other Waders from their 
Northern breeding haunts, and could have had but scant rest or nourishment 
on the way down, for they were very hght and poor.” 
In the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.^ Vol. XXIV., only one form of Arenaria 
interpres is recognised, but in the A.O.U. Checklist, 3rd ed., p. 131, 1910, two 
subspecies are admitted as occurring in America, thus : — 
a. Arenaria inierjyres internes Liime {8yst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 148, 1758, Islands of 
Gothland, Sweden). 
Range. Old world. Breeds in western Alaska from Point Barrow to the Yukon delta, 
and in western Greenland, Scandinavia, northern Russia, Siberia and Japan ; winters 
on the coasts of Europe and Asia to South Africa, Australia and Oceanica. 
h. Arenaria interpres rmrinella Linne {8yst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 249, 1766, Coast 
of Florida). 
Range. North and South America. Breeds on Arctic shores from Mackenzie River 
east, probably to Melville Peninsula, and north to Melville Island ; winters from central 
California, Texas, Louisiana, and South Carolina to southern Brazil and central Chile. 
This recognition was due to the work of Palmer who, in Fur Seals and 
I si. N. Pac. Ocean, pt. in., 1899, wrote up the avifauna of the Pribilof Islands. 
He there differentiated between the bird which he recorded as an “Abundant 
faU migrant on the Pribilofs,” and the eastern American bird— as (p. 410) : 
“ This bird differs from its American relative by its more extensive black areas 
and much less amount of chestnut. It is larger and the feet and legs are 
more strongly colored. A comparison of a good series of Pacific birds from the 
Pribilofs, Japan, and other points, with a fine series from eastern America 
shows their unlikeness ; and a comparison of these Pacific birds with birds 
from Europe, Greenland and Africa shows a great general resemblance ; in 
fact, two Greenland adult specimens kindly loaned me by Mr. F. M. Chapman, 
are indistinguishable from interpres though easily so from our eastern bird. 
Female birds from the Pacific seem to be blacker than the European bird, but 
whether a good comparable series of these last taken in spring and summer 
would show it, I am unable to say, my series not being extensive enough. AH 
Alaskan and Greenland specimens that I have seen, about forty, are readily 
distinguished from our common eastern American species. Alaskan and 
un- Alaskan specimens are a trifle smaller than Japanese or Pribilof birds, but 
they may be younger ”... (p. 414) “ The common turnstone of eastern North 
*Emu, Vol. X., p. 198, 1910. 
8 
