THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
“ A female, apparently a young one, shot on the 20th June, was flecked 
all over the breast and belly with black and white, evenly distributed, while 
the remaining females were in full summer plumage at that time.” 
Schrenck {Vogel des Amur-Landes^ p. 409, 1860) says; “Near the Post 
Ofiice at Nikolajeyschen I shot a solitary specimen in the Autumn of 1854. 
It was in full winter plumage on the 28th September.” 
Radde {Eeisen Suden von Ost-Sihir., p. 322, 1863) reports that two 
specimens were in the vicinity of Onon, near the old fortress of Tschindantsk, 
on September 22nd, 1856. 
Stejneger {Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. X., p. 126, 1887) says it visits 
the Commander Islands on the fall migration. “ One specimen was collected 
on the 8th of October, 1884, on Bering Island.” And again {Bull. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., No. 29, p. 104, 1885) : “ The Gray Plover was only observed on Bering 
Island during the fall migration, at which time they seem to arrive regularly. 
Several flocks were met after the middle of September. I saw a single bird 
still on the 28th of October in a flock of Charadrius fulvus.^^ 
The bird figured in winter-plumage was collected at Point Torment, 
North-west Australia, on February 22nd, 1911, by Mr. J. P. Rogers. 
The species S. squatarola breeds all round the Arctic Circle and migrates 
southward. On this account no long series of breeding-birds are yet available, 
and consequently subspecific forms are difiicult to diagnose. On the principle 
I have followed with the Turnstone, I am using the name given to an Eastern 
bird in preference to that bestowed on the Western one. 
My own studies lead me to consider that the Eastern form is slightly 
larger throughout ; the bill, wing, and tarsus all showing slightly larger 
measurements. In addition, the bill is generally deeper. In the winter- 
plumage the Eastern form seems to be greyer, not so brown as in the 
Western bird, but the Eastern birds seem to be freshly moulted, while 
the Western birds are in somewhat worn plumage though kflled in the 
same month. 
Alaskan-ldlled birds in full breeding-plumage appear to be generally of 
lighter coloration above than West European. 
