THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
and all the specimens from the Far East and Austraha be compared, the 
differences between the two subspecies are well marked. 
No specimen from the West has a culmen smaller than 100 mm., while 
all, save one from the Far East, have the culmen under 95 mm. The other 
measurements are also smaller : thus typical birds have the wing over 210 mm., 
the tarsus over 75 mm., whereas the Eastern ones very rarely go over 200 mm. 
in the wing and the tarsus rarely reaches 70 mm. 
If the averages be taken the discrepancies become more marked thus : — 
Twelve specimens, selected at random, from Europe and Africa. 
CTJL. 
WING. 
TARS. 
MIDDLE TOE. 
115 
220 
84 
35 
Ten specimens, selected at random, from China, Japan, and Australia. 
CIJL. 
WING. 
TARS. 
MIDDLE TOE. 
86 
195 
66 
32 
190 
