EASTERN AND SOUTHERN UNITED STATES. 
131 
Miocene deposits, and an indication of the dip of the underlying Eocene beds. If we 
assume with lingers that the eastern outcrop of the Eocene formation above tide-water 
on a line west of Fortress Monroe is located at about the town of Waverly,* then we 
have for a horizontal distance of about 42 miles a descent of between-550 and 600 feet, 
or an average dip of 13-14 feet to the mile.f 
North Carolina. 
Most of the 1 ertiary deposits of this State are obscured by a capping of Quaternary 
gravel, sand and clay, which extends inwards for a distance of upwards of 100 miles 
from the sea. Beds belonging to both the Eocene and Miocene series occur in 
disconnected and limited patches, exposed principally in river excavations and bluffs. 
The exact horizon or horizons in the typical series which the Eocene beds represent, 
has not yet been satisfactorily ascertained, the paucity of fossil remains, and their 
divergence from the representative Eocene forms, preventing an absolute determination. 
Tlie following list embraces most of the invertebrate forms, beyond indeterminable 
casts, that have been referred to the formation : — 
Gklaris Mitchelii. 
Cidaris CarolinensU. 
Sadella Lyelli. 
Mortonia {PeHarchus) altus. 
Microcrinvs conoides. 
Echinocyamus parvus. 
Gouinclypeiui suhangulatus. 
Flabellum (1) cuneiforme. 
Dendrophyllia hevis. 
Caryophyllia subdichotoma. 
Luuulites contitjaa. 
Lunulites sexangulata. 
Lxmxdites distuns. 
Eschara iuhulata. 
Terehratula Wilmingtonensis. 
Terehratula demissirostra. 
Pecten membranacea. 
Pecten anisopleura. 
Pecten Carolinensis. 
Nucula magnifica. 
Lucina pandata. 
Cardita rotunda. 
Vivipara Lyelli. 
Oliva Alabamensis. 
Natica mtites. 
Infundibulum trochiforme.^: 
The Miocene clearly belongs to a period ulterior to the deposition of the principal 
Maryland and Virginia deposits, and represents approximately the South Carolina 
series (“ Carolinian”). Owing to the superficial covering of Quaternary material it 
has been thus far impossible to determine with the desired precision the contour lines 
of the two formations, and hence on the accompanying map these (the inner 
boundaries) as represented must be considered as being largely hypothetical. 
* “Lower 19 Tertiary here probably above tide-level,” in Maefarlane, p. 184. 
t Through the kindness of Dr. Guillou the writer has obtained specimens from an artesian boring conducted 
at Newport News (.June, 1883), in which he has been able to recognize fragments of Pecten Samphreysu a. foim 
characteristic of the lower Atlantic Miocene (“Marylandian”) of Maryland. The depth md.cated for the 
fragments was 410 feet. • aer no 
t The non-italicized names are given on the authority of Lyell, Q. J. Geol. Soo., i, pp. 
