ON SOME NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN CKEODONTS. 
159 
up around tlie neural canal, which eiuarginates them. The postzygapop]iy.scs arc prom- 
inent and directed but slightly outwards. The neural spine is very curious. It is 
produced hut little in front of the pedicels, and the upper edge rises steeply from the 
front until it forms a thick, bliuit spine, ending slightly behind the centrum. This is 
very different from the hatchet-shaped structure of the ordinary Carnivora and Insec- 
tivora, but it is approached in My dans and Meles. 
The remaining cervicah are not especially remarkable. The centra are long, 
slender and somewhat opisthocoelous, with faces oblique to the long axis of the cen- 
trum. On some there is a strong hypapophysial keel expanding behind into a pair of 
rugose processes. The cervical s]3ines are unusually long and indicate muscles of 
great size. 
Tlie dorsal vertebrae, 14 in number, are remarkable in many ways. In the anter- 
ior region, the centra are small, somewhat opisthocoelous and of sub-triangular section ; 
the spines are exceedingly long and stout. These decrease rapidly as we pass back- 
wards imtil on the 11th or anticlinal vertebra the spine is hardly a third as long as 
on the 1st. Behind the 11th the spines point forward, are short and compressed and 
occupy the Avhole length of the neural arch, as in the lumbar region. The centra in 
the posterior region are much larger and heavier than in the anterior and are consid- 
erably de])ressed. The transverse processes are short and heavy and, except on the 
13th and 14th, with large round faces for the tubercles of the ribs. The zygapophy- 
ses in the anterior region, are long, narrow ovals, are flat and present directly up 
wards and downwards ; from the 10th the postzygapophyses becomes cylindrical, and 
the prezygapophyses of the remaining vertebrm are deeply concave and have strong 
mcta])ophyses; anapophyses are also present on some. The posterior dorsals of Pach- 
ya>na differ from these chiefly in the absence of metapophyses and the much greater 
obliquity of the faces. The disparity in the length of the limbs would necessitate a 
strongly arched back. 
The lumlar vertebrm, numbering six, are very large with broad, depressed, and 
nearly plane centra, which are contracted in the middle. The spines are long, broad 
and thin, inclining forward; the transverse processes are very long, slender, and 
curved forwards and downwards. The zygapophyses are like those of the posteiior 
dorsals, with prominent metapophyses ; anapophyses are absent, except perhaps on the 
1st. As Professor Cope has j)ointed out, the articulations of these vertebr® show a 
greater degree of specialization than is found in any living carnivore. 
The sacrals are not all preserved. They probably were three in number. The 
first lias a short and flat centrum and short expansions for the ilium ; the last has a 
low spine and small rounded post-zygapophyses. 
The caudal vertebree, of which some 14 are preserved, indicate a very long tail, 
much as in the leopard. The anterior vertebrae are short and fiat with well developed 
zygapophvses and short backwardly directed transverse processes. Passing backwards. 
