315 
PAL.EOSYOPS LEIDY, AND ITS ALLIES. 
animal jjlaced obliquelj in relation to the plane of the paper. Our study of Palcs- 
osyops ^ leads to the conclusion that P. pa/udosus, in tlie cliaracter and form of its 
skull, is more closely related to the Tapir than to any other living animal, although in 
regard to size Palceosyops departs considerably from the Tapir and is interme- 
diate between Tapirus iudicus and Rhinoceros bicornis. The accompanying meas- 
urements will show the intermediate position of this animal with regard to size. 
The inci eased length and heaviness of all the bones of the skeleton demonstrate 
conclusively that this species was not only heavier than the Tapir, but that the 
total length of the animal was greater. 
Length of head and neck 
Total length of body 
Height at i^houliler 
Height at thigh 
Depth of thorax at 4-.5 rib 
*Not including Vertebral Spines. 
Comparative Measuremekts. 
E. bicornis. 
P. paludosus. 
T. iudicus. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
•88 
•74 
•65 
2-13 
2-00 
T80 
*1-09 
*•94 
*•88 
1-16 
1-00 
•87 
•52 
•45 
•35 
The measurements of the limbs prove that P. paludosus was raised higher from 
the ground than Tapirus. The length of the head and neck as compared with that of 
the fore limbs is slightly less (.03cm) in P. paltcdosus than in the Tapir. 
The fonn of the skull differs considerably in this species from that of the 
Tapir and this applies especially to the muzzle, which was much shorter and more 
obtuse than the Tapir’s and Avas not provided with a proboscis. In its short and 
heavy facial region P. paludosus resembles the Bear, and this resemblance is more 
strongly marked by the presence of its huge canine teeth. 
The great hreadth of the temporal region Avith its large deA-elopment of zygomas 
is more like that of the Bears than of Tapirus. The position of the small eye and 
the general form of the cranium proper are very like those characters in the Tapir. 
The peculiar modification of the zygapopliyses of the lumbar vertebrm points to the 
fact that this animal maA' have been more agile in its movements than the Tapir in 
Avhich the vertebral processes are flat. The articular surfaces of the limb bones 
resemble more closely those of the Tapir, and the position of the limbs Avas proba- 
bly the same as in that animal. The manus and pes are broader and heavier than 
those of the Tapir; the metapodials especially are stouter. The tail is A^ery 
short. As the palseobotany of the Bridger eocene closely resembles that of the sul> 
tropical regions of the present day, Ave may conclude that the food of Palceosyops 
paludosus Avas much like that of the present Tapii’, and as the remains of this 
animal are ahvays found in the Tertiary Lake basins, it is probable that the 
habits of P. paludosus Avere like those of the Tapir, that is to say, it led a partially 
aquatic life. 
42 JOUR. A. N. .S. PHILA., VOL. XI. 
