3MJ 
A MEMOIR UPON THE GENUS 
• 1 1 v.MMiitioii in the form of the carpus in this group. In P. 

I .kW> ttltftl'l* 
t ..t uf /• paluL«s. Lmnohycps Miceps, on tlie other hand, ehotvs the moat 
I i.l,h .laa-hdi»Kl e,,r|,n.of the Rntup, and it in interesting to note tl.nt.n th,., 
„1;., it agnan. tvith the .,.|i|H.«ed aneeatral forme of the Pala:osyop,n^ ,-La,, Mo- 
p^p.a,jr,au,„ and Pa/aasyaps boyealis, which are the earliest known 
„„.„il..ni ..f Ihi. line. In these two forms the Innar is mneh elongated 
and it. magnulii liaa-t i. nearly vertical in position, which is «iiial y true 
of /. Murps, where, however, it is still farther elongated, its distal extremitv 
l..ing diawi. oat and dia-ply imnetrating the second row of carpals. In 
I ho Iiiniiiia of P./itticfps there is a decided inclination to .Mesaxonia, mucli 
,.,.,n-m.th»ii ill the \^^x^u\ oi P. pa/miosHS. The fifth digit of L. laticepsx^ much 
nhortor ihiiii the othein although not a.s mucli reduced as that of the Tapirs caipus. 
Thorhnriietersof flu* nirpusof /-. therefore, are not as primitive as those of 
the iloiitition. llie HiM*cies in this respect agreeing with the earlier ancestors of the 
Knaip. niul iigniii proving that an animal maybe highlj' specialized in some portioms 
«if ils Mriicture, although in other characters it may be very primitive. 
The pn>|Miriioiis and size of the facets of the tarsus undergo a 
groat doul of variation in this subfamily. In P. paludostis and P. minor 
llio tnn*as is hnmdor in proiMirtion to its length than in Z. laticeps. As 
n ralo the fiie<*ts of the astragalus and calcaneum are continuous in 
I ho maallor s|M*ei(*s. and us we approach the larger they become separ- 
ntdsl. In V'tfanot/ifrium, the most highly specialized genus of the group, the 
snstontaouhir, inferior and eetal facets are widely' separated from each other. 
Paiaosyops pit/udosus stands intermediate between such forms as Limnohyops laticeps 
niid /’. minor, in which thesi* fimets are continuous, and Diplacodon and Titatiothcr- 
inm ill wliieli the tai-sal facets are widely separated. The astragalo-cuboid contact 
is slsn allot tier variable character of the tarsus. In Z. laticeps and P. niinor it is 
small, whereas in /I it is large, and increases proportionately with the 
Irniisvorsi* extent of the proximal elements of the tarsus. This is seen in the tarsus 
of rHanothcrium where the astragalus covers about one-half of the cuboid. A 
rihnhH’aleniu*uin facet is a rather constant character in this subfamily. There is 
gi'iiemlly ii.> contact Ix-fween the cuboid and metatarsal III, although in a tarsus in 
the Princeton tx>lhH*tion Ihmi the Bridger, the specific identity of which cannot be 
detemniMxl. then* is a considerable contact between the cuboid and this metatarsal. 
1 he pmxiinal ix.rtion of metatai-sal III is generally narrow transversely, with plane 
nrticnlatmg surfaces, hut in Z. laticeps the articulation between metatarsal III and 
W IS highly s,H*c*iahml in the form of an interlocking joint. The shape of the 
