THE FOSSIL AVIFAUNA OF THE 
4U1 
culmen. Its dentary margin was cultrate. Most of its skeleton was non- 
pneumatic. 
Measurements (in Millimetres) of CoRREsroNoiNG Bones oe Phal.\ckocor.vx 
MACROPUS AND P. CAR BO. 
[All measurements are in a direct line and not along curves.] 
VARIOUS BONES. 
P. macropus 
Cope collection. 
P. carlx) 
Yale College .Museum, 
No. 535. 
Coracoid. 
Length • 
93 
87 
Femur. 
Length 
75 (appro-x.) 
70 
Tarso-metatarsus. 
Length 
87 
72 
Proximal transverse width 
18 
16 
Distal width 
20 
18 
Proximal phalanx, index digit. 
Length • • 
21 
not given 
Greate.st width 
12 
The posterior end of the ramus of the mandible had characters that (iiiite agn*e 
with P. U7'ile, and that bone was strong and powerful. The superior lip of either 
coracoidal groove of the sternum presented the usual vertical, sulM)val facet for 
articulation with the coracoid, a more linear one being developial on the lower lip 
of the groove nearly opposite the first. It was by these characters that 1 wa.s at 
once enabled to diagnose the small bit of the only sternum of P. macropus that was 
to be found in the collection. The sternal manubrium was rudimentary and lay in 
the plane of the carina. 
All Cormorants vary greatly in size for the difterent ages, and to thi.s P. 
macropus offered no exception. As 1 have shoAvn above, its tanso-metatarsns nica.H- 
ured in extreme length 87 millimetres; a small one in the Cope collection imaisiuvs 
in extreme length but 75 millimetres. Fossil specimens of all subadult binls ai*e 
pale gray in color and are characterized by having a roughish surface. 
In the main the characters presented on the part of its skeleton agree with 
those Cormorants now retained in the subgenus Phalacrocorax, rather than with 
the Urile group. 
Cope has said in the paper quoted above that “ This species appears to have 
been common in the Pliocene of Oregon, where it was discovered by Charles 11. 
Sternberg. ❖ * h: * ❖ * « the extinct G. idahaisis 
Marsh, nearly agrees in measurements, exceeding a little the corresponding parts of 
the living bird”. \P. dilopkus']. (p. 387). 
Pelecahus erytheoehynchos ? 
There is in the Cope collection the distal end of the right ulna of a Pelecan, a 
perfect specimen. It belonged to a bird very slightly larger than Pclecanus fuscus, 
