476 
THE STRUCTURE AND RELATIONSHIPS OF ANCODUS. 
pisiform. This ulna is, on the whole, much more like that of Oreodon than that of 
Anoplothermm, but the olecranon is relatively lower, and the shaft has a stronger 
curvature toward the anterior side. In Kowalevsky’s specimen the olecranon is 
not so heavy and deep antero-posteriorly, but higher, and projects more strongly 
backward than in the American forms. 
The vianns (PI. XXIT, fig. 7) has already been described in detail by Kovvalev- 
sky, but it is necessary to go over the ground again, because his material was very 
imperfect, being taken from many difierent individuals and widely separated locali- 
ties, and also because of certain differences which obtain between the American and 
European species. 
The hand displays many and significant resemblances to that of Oreodon, and 
the differences, though not unimportant, are of hardly more than family rank. The 
carpus is broad and, as in the ancient artiodactyls generally, relatively very high. 
The scaphoid is high, narrow, and deep, difieriiig in shape from the scaphoid of 
Oreodon, wliich is of nearly cubical outline. The radial facet is very slightly con- 
cave and oblique, descending toward the inner side, but not reflected down upon the 
dorsal face of the bone, as it is in Kowalevsky’s specimens and in Oreodoji. The 
lunar facet is single and confined to a band, which runs along the proximal border 
of the ulnar side. The distal surface is occupied by the facets for the magnum and 
trapezoid; the former is slightly convex and is not prolonged backward into a con- 
cave surflice, as it is in Oreodon. The facet for the trapezoid is large and concave, 
situated behind, as well as internal to that for the magnum, while the surface for 
the trapezium is very small and confined to the postero-internal angle of the distal 
side. As in the Ronzon species, “the posterior extremity of the scaphoid is elon- 
gated into a thick, recurved portion, which bends inside the carpus.” 
The lunar is cpiite different from that of the European sjoecies in the presence 
of an extension of the proximal portion toward the ulnar side to meet the unci- 
torrii. The radial facet is oblique, inclining toward the internal side as it passes 
backward ; it is broad and convex in front, where it also rises towards the ulnar 
SKle, and „ nanw and co,ic.a,e behind. This facet differs from the correspo.,di„K 
well'” I™*',"' 7 “‘"'exity and larger posterior concavity, as 
well as ,n the „hlK,mty „i its position. The distal beak is longer than In the liuro- 
as HI tl.c l.itter. The magnum facet is considerably narrower than lhat lor the 
reZh” v:::"d 
the conditma found ,n that genus m being concave rather than coniex in front and 
The utter Z;Xne 
deptZ Ttfr; Left ^"-Oaln,«r 
«haZi it is high on Aelnnertfdt'LTre 
IS much reduced. The pisiform facet i« a of the bone 
IS not eonlmuonswith the surface for the tln°a 
Ulna. Uii the radial side of the cunei- 
