46 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
way. because larger plants than could 
possibly be secured in quantity from 
nurseries were thus made available. 
In the town plan planting spaces were 
arranged everywhere between the side- 
walk and street, and in some of the 
wider streets through the center. Know- 
ing the difficulty of establishing grass 
successfully, it was determined to fill 
these planting spaces completely with 
native plants, using one variety of tree 
in each street, and making a very few 
varieties predominate in the planting 
promptly accepted and very promptly 
and quickly installed, because it was 
recognized that they would be abso- 
lutely necessary, as the ground is so 
wet in places as to make it at times 
impassable ; second, because water 
would be required as soon as build- 
ing operations were begun. 
Main roads were also graded at an 
early period, but before any of this was 
done over one thousand acres of 
ground adjacent to the exposition was 
drained by open ditches in order to ob- 
tain the best possible sanitary condi- 
tions. In one place a pond nearly one 
hundred acres was drained at a cost of 
five hundred dollars. Previous owners 
had expended about $15,000 in an at- 
tempt to fill it, on the assumption that 
it could not be drained. Another pond 
of twenty acres was drained, and in this 
a cartload of big fish were found show- 
ing that it had been in existence for 
many years. Many small pools, clogged 
ditches, rain water barrels, and other 
mosquito breeding places were drained 
or filled at the same time. 
The planting problem was also taken 
up at a very early period. An examina- 
tion of the region made it obvious that 
•conditions could not be more favorable 
for collecting at low cost a large variety 
■of native plants, and it was determined 
to use these almost exclusively in the 
decoration of the grounds, first be- 
cause this use would lead the people 
lof the south to recognize the beauty 
and value of the plants about them ; 
second, because it would be possible to 
secure effective results at less cost 
than they could be secured in any other 
spaces of each street, these varieties to 
be so selected, however, as to give at- 
tractive flowers, foliage, and fruit in 
their season. 
For example, we use on one street the 
evergreen bayberry (Myrica pumila), 
on another the French mulberry, an- 
other the dogwood,- on others the wild 
rose, mountain laurel, wild plum.' With 
these we used such herbs as the golden 
rod, the marsh mallow, sneezewort, 
penstemon, and the like, in "long lines 
throughout the length of the street to 
give a succession of flowers, and out- 
side of these a ground cover of peri- 
winkle, strawberries from old straw- 
berry fields nearby, ferns, and the like. 
We have on hand large quantities of 
seeds for such annuals as cailiopsis, pe- 
tunias, Drummond phlox, and the like, 
to be seeded in all open spaces in the 
ground cover and among herbs and 
shrubs along these planting spaces in’ 
the spring of 1907, in order that there 
may be a brilliant display of _ flowers 
during the summer season. Contracts 
have been made for rapidly growing 
vines to be used on buildings, poles, 
fences, and the like, and these contracts 
provide that they shall be three to four 
feet long and in four-inch pots well es- 
tablished. 
Native rhododendrons are to be se- 
cured in large numbers for use abofit 
buildings and terraces, just before the 
opening of the exposition, for in no 
other way will it be possible to secure 
a maximum of foliage about buildings 
that have been under construction up to 
this time. Hybrid rhododendrons will 
THE PO'WHATAN OAK, AN HISTORIC LANDMARK. 
Jamestown Exposition Grounds. 
■rustic bridge and natural growth. 
Jamestown Exposition Grounds. 
