171 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
D. Henry Sullivan, Boston; H. W. 
Busch, Detroit ; C. A. Bosan, Minneap- 
olis, Minn. ; J. C. Morley, Los Angeles, 
Cal. ; Edward R. Mack, Wilmington, 
Del. ; D. F. Roy, Malden, Mass. 
Waltdr Hubbard, of Meriden, Conn., 
was elected an honorary member of the 
association. 
The meeting place of next year was 
taken up and considerable discussion 
held on the matter; finally it was 
brought down to two places — Minneap- 
olis and Harrisburg — but the former 
was the favorite by 8 votes. 
The next year's convention will be 
held jointly in St. Paul and Minneapo- 
lis, the dates to be arranged by the 
executive committee. 
The chairman appointed as nominat- 
ing committee Theodore Wirth, John 
Henderson and Jas. B. Shea. 
Friday afternoon the party visited Is- 
land Park, an island in the lake, which 
from a sand bar has been converted in 
a few years into one of the finest rec- 
reation grounds in the country. Lunch- 
eon was served in a tent on the lawn 
and the return made to the city in time 
for the evening business session. 
5 At the evening business meeting John 
Dunbar, of Rochester, N. Y., read a 
very able paper on new or little known 
trees and shrubs suitable for park 
planting, which follows herewith : 
Deciduous Trees and Shrubs. New or 
Little Known for Park Planting 
A considerable part of 'W'hat we have to 
say will be a digression from the above 
title. 
In a conversation -we had a few months 
since with the manager of a large Ameri- 
can nursery, he made the statement that 
there w’as a much less demand for choice 
and rare ornamental trees and shrubs for 
planting private estates and home grounds 
at the present time, than there was, say, 
from ten to twenty years since. The firm 
for which he was the responsible manager 
were eliminating from their nursery, and 
lists a number of choice subjects for which 
at the present time there was no demand. 
From a purely business point of view, they 
could not be giving space in their grounds 
for something which was seldom asked for. 
no matter how rare and valuable it might 
appear in the eyes of the horticulturist, 
and arboriculturalist. 
Whether this condition obtains in most of 
the large nurseries of this country, or not. 
we do not know. Every devoted lover of 
hardy trees and shrubs of the north tem- 
perate zone, in so far as they are known, 
and under cultivation, cannot but regard a 
condition of affairs like this with profound 
regret, assuming that it is a correct diag- 
nosis of the horticultural status of the 
country in regard to rare trees and shrubs 
at the present time. 
We cannot help but believe, though, that 
the present system of nature teaching, com- 
mon in most of the elementary and ad- 
vanced schools in the country, w’ill in the 
natural course of causes and effects, pro- 
duce a deep-seated desire in the minds of 
large numbers of people, to have a specific 
knowledge of the trees and shrubs of this 
and other regions, and in some way the 
opportunity to meet this expression ought 
to take definite form. 
It is true that in our country the law 
that guides the division of estates and 
property among the children at the death 
of the owner, usually results in the sale of 
the estate, and a complete change in its 
management. If the previous owner was a 
lover and planter of hardy trees and shrubs, 
the new owner perhaps cares nothing about 
them, and may chop them out from mere 
caprice. This, then, is very unfavorable to 
the care and ‘ perpetuity of choice collec- 
tions of trees and shrubs. 
What is known as the law of primogeni- 
ture in the transmission of estates and 
landed property, is maintained in Great 
Britain in some modified form, from feudal 
days, and landed estates are passed down 
undivided in a family lineage through 
numerous decades. This accounts for the 
extensive planting of many beautiful col- 
lections of trees and shrubs on private es- 
tates in the British Islands. They are tend- 
ed and cared for by the successive heirs, 
who will perhaps generally make a few 
additions. 
The transmission of property in this way, 
justly and properly has no existence in 
American law, but it no doubt largely ac- 
counts for the lack of a demand in planting 
large estates for choice collections of trees 
and plants. The tendency therefore seems 
to be to plant some kind of a tree that 
grows rapidly and makes a semi-mushroom 
growth, for example, a Carolina Poplar; a 
AVhite Willow; a Silver Maple, or similar 
fast-growing subjects and fill the grounds 
with them, and form rapidly-growing mass- 
es. There is no patience to wait and watch 
the beauties of choice subjects reveal them- 
selves, because perhaps they may grow 
more slowly, and require more care. 
It is plainly then to be seen that it is 
only in areas and lands devoted to pub- 
lic parks, where collections of trees and 
shrubs can be gro-^vm with any degree of 
perpetuity, and where the people, or those 
interested in studying them, will have am- 
ple opportunity to do so. 
In parks, or portions of parks with purely 
rural aspects, many trees and shrubs from 
foreign climates would look incongruous, 
and only the native subjects are fitted to 
such scenes. There are, however, many 
situations in connection with buildings, and 
formal conditions, where the rural aspects 
are completely interrupted, and where im- 
portant plantings of rare trees and shrubs 
could be properly introduced, for good edu- 
cational advantages. It is not at all neces- 
sary to plant such things in what w’’e call 
family or ordinal sequence, or to call any 
such collections, large or small, an arbore- 
tum, or make any effort to segregate them 
in one portion of the park system. The 
main point is to plant them where personal 
judgment, and the advice and experience of 
others say they will do well, and look 
thrifty. Then it remains to create enthusi- 
asm about them; talk about them; call 
the attention of the people to them through 
the press and be sure and have them cor- 
rectly labeled. And remember this, we are 
to blame as park men if at least some of 
the people take no interest in those collec- 
tions. 
The Arnold Arboretum, the largest and 
most complete living museum of hardy 
trees and shrubs in the world, which has 
done more to spread abroad the practical 
and scientific knowledge of trees than any 
other institution of its kind, is a fine ex- 
ample^ of what such an institution can do, 
on such a comprehensive and broadly or- 
ganized basis. 
Among a few trees and shrubs we will 
mention, we will deal with species entirely, 
taking no account of nursery or horticul- 
tural varieties in the meantime. 
The Basswoods, or Lindens, are a most 
interesting genus, and some of the species 
are not well known, and are beautiful sub- 
jects. The Weeping Bass-w'ood, Tilia petio- 
laris, with its long-stalked leaves, silvery- 
white beneath, and its strong fragrant 
flowers in July, should be in all parks. I 
have noticed quite a few of it in the Bos- 
ton parks* and occasionally elsewhere. The 
Crimean Basswood, T. dasystyla, with deep 
shining green leaves, and distinct upright 
habit of growth, gives promise of being a 
most excellent ornamental tree. The Man- 
churian Basswood, T. Mandschurica, has 
large distinct foliage, spreading branches 
and showy yellowish-white flowers in July 
and has every appearance of being an im- 
portant addition to the list of foreign trees 
suitable for cultivation. The Mongolian 
Basswood, T. Mongolica, is a slender, com- 
pact, small tree, with small slender stalked 
leaves. The largest tree of this I know of 
in cultivation is in the grounds of the Ell- 
wanger & Barry nursery at Rochester, and 
is from fifteen to eighteen feet in height 
and is a very pretty object. The Elm- 
leaved Basswood, T. ulmifolia, is, I am in- 
clined to think, frequently mistaken for the 
much more common Dutch Basswood, T. 
vulgaris, which it resembles in some re- 
spects, The smallish thin leaves, with a 
peculiar steel-green lustre beneath, and its 
rather compact head, render it a most in- 
teresting tree. A hybrid Basswood, some- 
times listed under the name of T. argentea 
spectabil’is, is a beautiful tree with deep 
green leaves, pale beneath and spreading 
drooping branches which retains its leave.-^ 
without loss of color until late in the fall. 
Among the Horse Chestnuts, there are 
some beautiful objects that are not well 
known. The Chinese Horse Chestnut. 
Aesculus turbinata, with its handsome deep 
green leaves and dense Compact head, 
makes a handsome foliage tree. The yel- 
lowish-white flower . clusters are not as 
showy as in some other Horse Chestnuts. 
The Red Flowering Horse Chestnut, A. 
carnea (Syn. A. rubicunda), said to be of 
hybrid origin, is perhaps better known than 
any other tree I refer to, but it is so 
striking when in bloom that we must call 
attention to it, for it should be in all parks. 
Many individuals flowered so profusely at 
Rochester last June that they attracted 
particular attention. Another red flowering 
horse chestnut, A. carnea, Brioti, has 
flower clusters particularly brilliant, and 
handsome dark foliage. It forms a compact 
headed tree and in fifteen years’ time grows 
from fifteen to twenty feet tall. 
A small Horse Chestnut, A. arguta, recent- 
ly introduced from the southwestern states, 
and more of the nature of an arborescent 
shrub than a tree, has lustrous green foli- 
age, that unfolds remarkably early in 
spring. The yellowish flowers are not 
showy. 
The Phellodendrons are native of West- 
ern Asia, with compound deep green leaves, 
and are interesting pungent aromatic trees. 
Of the three known species in cultivation. 
P. Sachalinense is the most ornamental and 
promising, and Dr, C. S. Sargent says that 
it “shows the power of adapting, itself to 
the climate of the eastern United States, 
where it may be expected to become a valu- 
able shade and ornamental tree.” 
The Chinese Cedrela, Cedrela Sinensis, is 
a graceful and handsome tree and the large 
compound deep green leaves have a tropical 
looking effect on a well-grown specimen. 
The Chinese Cedrela is occasionally seen in 
cultivation, but is not generally known. 
The Hackberries are interesting trees and 
have a strong resemblance to elms, to which 
of course they are closely related. The 
Chinese Hackberry, Celtis Sinensis, from 
northern China, appears to be hardy at 
Rochester. The habit is somewhat spread- 
ing and the foliage is light green. The 
Sugarberry or Hackberry from the Missis- 
sippi Valley, C. Mississippiensis, judging by 
its appearance in nursery rows, will prove 
to be hardy in the northeastern states. 
The longish tapering leaves, conspicuously 
netted beneath, are attractive. 
Perhaps the Birches are the most graceful 
trees we have in our parks, and a consider- 
able number of species are well known in 
cultivation. A handsome birch from Japan, 
known under the name of Betula Maximo- 
wiezii, has broadly ovate leaves on long 
stalks, and reddish orange colored bark on 
the stems. The habit is ascending, and 
