PARK AND CEMETERY. 
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partly spreading, and it gives promise of 
being a most important decorative tree. In 
twelve years, it forms a tree about eighteen 
feet tall. Erman’s Birch, Betula Ermani, 
also from Japan, has slender branches, with 
deep green leaves, and forms a graceful 
head. The bark on the trunk is yellowish- 
white, with a tinge of orange on the 
branches. Erman’s Birch has been in culti- 
vation for a number of years, but it is far 
from well known. 
Everybody likes walnut trees, from their 
bold angular habit of growth and hand- 
some compound leaves. Siebold’s walnut, 
Juglans Sieboldiana, has been long enough 
in cultivation to prove its hardihood and 
usefulness. The large handsome leaves are 
very attractive. I do not think that it has 
fruited at Rochester, as far as I am aware, 
but it fruits freely on the grounds of J. S. 
Woodward, Lockport, between Rochester 
and Buffalo. The Mountain Walnut, Jug- 
lans rupestris, from the mountains of Mex- 
ico, forms a small tree in cultivation and 
fruits freely in a small state. It appears 
to be hardy as far north as Rochester. 
An interesting genus of trees closely al- 
lied to the walnuts, known under the some- 
what barbarous name of Pterocarya, have 
several species that are rarely known in 
cultivation. The best and hardiest is P. 
rhoifolia. It has large pinnate leaves, and 
breaks away near the ground into a number 
of stems. The distinguishing- feature of 
those trees is in producing their winged 
nuts in long racemose clusters. 
Perhaps there are no more distinctive 
American trees than Hickories, and several 
species are common in most of our parks. 
Ashe’s Shagbark Hickory, which has unfor- 
tunately been afflicted with a very incon- 
venient specific name, Hicoria Carolinae — 
septentrionalis, is a new important species 
recently recognized from the western and 
southwestern states, and is said to grow to 
a height of eighty feet. It should be an 
important addition to this handsome genus 
of trees. 
The Mountain Ashes and Service Trees 
are always ornamental, where they do well, 
but unfortunately they are very capricious 
in some parts of the country. They do re- 
markably well in Ontario. It is not a ques- 
tion of hardihood with them. A Mountain 
Ash lately introduced from Asia, Sorbus 
Thianschanica, gives promise of being a 
most useful park tree. The Service Tree, 
Sorbus Torminalis, has long been in cultiva- 
tion, but it is today little known. We had 
a few trees of this imported from Europe 
last spring. S. latifolia, a good deal like 
the last, has also long been in cultivation, 
but is little known. There is a fine speci- 
men of this on the grounds of the campus, 
Rochester University, about forty feet in 
height and is very distinctive. 
Several species of hazels are freely grown 
in parks, but the so-called Constantinople 
Hazel, Corylus Colurna, from Southeast Eu- 
rope and Asia Minor, is rarely seen, al- 
though long in cultivation. It is said to be 
tender in the north, but there are speci- 
mens in the Rochester parks thirty feet in 
height. The leaves are roundish and slight- 
ly lobed, and the branches are spreading 
and form a pyramidal outline. They are 
perhaps the best specimens in the country. 
Several species of Alders are usually pret- 
ty well represented in most parks, two com- 
mon native species, and a European one. 
The Japanese Alder, Alnus Japonica, is per- 
haps the most ornamental of all Alders. 
The long, smooth, deep green leaves are 
very attractive, and it does not take many 
years to attain a height of thirty feet. A. 
Tinctoria is another Alder from Japan with 
large, coarsely toothed, deep green leaves, 
and promises to be a good park tree. 
No trees perhaps produce such a pleasing 
and inspiring effect in landscapes as Maples 
and a considerable number of natives and 
foreign species are in cultivation in parks. 
There are, however, a number of .species 
that are new, and others little known that 
should be in parks. The Oregon Maple, 
Acer macrophyllum, which is hardy as far 
north as Long Island at least, and which 
we have under trial at Rochester, is a very 
handsome tree and it certainly should be 
included in parks south of New York. The 
White-barked Maple, Acer leucoderme, re- 
cently introduced from the Carolinas and 
Georgia, a small tree with pale or whitish 
bark on the main stem, and leaves some- 
what convex-crimpled. appears to be hardy 
in cultivation, although its natural climate 
is southern. The Sugar Maple from the 
western side of the Rocky Mountains, Acer 
grandidentatum, looks like a smaller form 
of our common eastern Sugar Maple. It is 
a very handsome small tree and appears to 
be quite hardy in cultivation. Although 
known for some time, it is seldom seen. 
Miyabe’s Maple, Acer Miyabei, from Japan, 
has leaves resembling the common Sugar 
Maple, from five to six inches long, and 
branches and stems with corky bark. It is 
quite hardy. Trautvetter’s Maple, Acer 
Trautvetteri, from the Caucasus, has heart- 
shaped deeply lobed leaves and it seems to 
do well in cultivation. One of the most 
interesting of Asiatic Maples on account of 
its peculiar foliage, is the Hornbeam- 
leaved Maple, Acer carpinifolium. The 
plants of this interesting Maple in Roches- 
ter are very small, but it does well in the 
Arnold Arboretum, where there are good- 
sized small trees. The Japanese Striped 
Maple, Acer rufinerve, is almost a counter- 
part of our native Striped Maple. The 
leaves of the two species are very similar. 
It is doing very well in Rochester. 
No oaks have yet been found in foreign 
lands that compare in majesty and beauty 
with our American oaks, and most of the 
best American oaks are familiar, in most 
of our parks. There are, however, several 
species of small Japanese Oaks that are in- 
teresting and ornamental in parks, namely 
Quercus variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. glandu- 
lifera, and Q. crispula. They are rare in 
cultivation. 
Among the Ashes there are several useful 
ornamental species that are not well known. 
The Biltmore Ash, Fraxinus Biltmoreana, is 
a handsome new Ash from the Carolinas. 
The Oregon Ash, Fraxinus Oregona, appears 
to be quite promising in the east. Among 
the Japanese Ashes, F. rhyncophylla and F. 
Bungeana, look like interesting tres for 
parks. 
A very handsome Japanese tree without 
any common name, Cercidiphyllum Japon- 
icum, has been in cultivation a good, many 
years, but is still rare. The leaves resemble 
those of the Red Bud, but are smaller. It 
is a highly ornamental tree in cultivation. 
The different “flowering” crab apples are 
beautiful objects in parks and gardens and 
no park should be without an assortment of 
them. Two species introduced a few years 
since from Japan, Malus Zumi, and Sar- 
gent’s Crab, M. Sargenti. are beautiful flow- 
ering objects. Sargent’s Crab is a low- 
growing shrubby species. 
Among what are known as “flowering 
trees” the Magnolias take first rank, and 
the various hybrids and varieties of the 
Chinese Magnolias are of course the most 
showy. The Magnolias are usually pretty 
well represented wherever they prove to be 
hardy. Magnolia Kobus in an introduction 
from Japan, a few years since. In about ten 
years' time it -forms a small tree about 
fifteen feet tall, and thirteen feet across. 
It flowers very sparingly, but has hand- 
some bold foliage and is hardy at Roches- 
ter. 
The Iron-tree, Parrotia Persica, from 
Asia Minor, has long been in cultivation, 
but is very rare. The oval lucid deep green 
leaves, which turn to a most attractive 
orange-red color in the fall, render it very 
ornamental. In fifteen years’ time at 
Rochester it forms a small tree, twelve to 
fifteen feet tall, and eight feet across. 
Euptelea polyandra is a new introduc- 
tion from Japan, without any ' common 
name, that is doing remarkably well with 
us. It seems to be an arborescent shrub 
or small tree with handsome large oval 
deep green leaves, on long stalks. In about 
seven years’ time it grows from ten to 
twelve feet tall. The flowers are of no 
ornamental account. 
The different species of American dog- 
woods are used extensively in park plant- 
ing. The Kousan Dogwood, Cornus Kousa, 
from Japan, resembles a good deal our 
native White Flowering Dogwood. It 
forms a dense arborescent shrub with hand- 
some foliage, and flowers later than Cor- 
nus floridus. Cornus brachypoda from 
Japan, and C. Macrophylla from the Him- 
alayans, give promise of being hardy at 
Rochester. They are both characteristic 
shrubs or small trees. 
Symplocos crataegoides is a beautiful 
hardy shrub or small tree, without any 
common name, from Japan. It has showy 
white flow'ers in spring and attractive blue 
fruit in autumn. It is quite hardy and 
does well in Boston. We have failed en- 
tirely with it at Rochester. Something 
in our soil does not suit it. It is perhaps 
a question of symbiosis. 
The Viburnums are a beautiful genus of 
shrubs for park planting and the Ameri- 
can species are quite largely used in parks. 
The three Japanese species, V. dilatatum, 
V. Wrighti, and V. Sargenti, are hardy 
ornamental species, and are not well 
known. 
The Japanese Witch-hazel, Hamamelis 
Japonica, although in cultivation for a 
good many years, is seldom seen in parks. 
It has foliage much like the American 
Witch-hazel, roundish and deep green, and 
turns to a pleasing yellow in the fall. Its 
attractive feature is the numerous yellow 
flowers in spring, and if the spring is early 
it will be in bloom about the first of 
March. 
We have said nothing about varieties of 
any kind, but the pure white flowering . 
form of the Red Bud, Cercis Canadensis, 
sent out, I believe, by C. Teas & Sons, 
promises to be a fine addition to small 
“flowering trees.” 
One of the most remarkable revelations 
of the past ten years in the horticultural 
and botanical worlds, is the discovery and 
description of an immense number of new 
species of American Hawthorns, which have 
been found distributed over large areas 
from Quebec to Texas. The work' in iden- 
tifying these Hawthorns in the field, and 
finally describing them, and collecting the 
seeds of all the species, and sowing, rais- 
ing, and planting them, and distributing 
them to various points throughout this 
country and Europe has been herculean, 
but 'it has been accomplished • by Dr. Sar- 
gent of the Arnold Arboretum, and his 
able assistants. The American Hawthorns 
are most excellent small trees and shrubs 
for the ornamentation of parks. Jn their 
showy flowers in spring, attractive foliage 
in summer, conspicuous fruit in autumn, 
and bold branching habit, so noticeable in 
winter, and absolute hardihood, there are 
few things that can compare with them. 
Park superintendents are sometimes per- 
plexed in the planting of parks about 
whether this or that is the right material 
to use in certain places. The planting of 
American Hawthorns in large numbers in 
parks need cause no embarrassment, for 
they give dignity to any situation where 
they are planted. These American Haw- 
thorns are easily transplanted, and plants 
of considerable size can be easily moved 
from copses and woods, and if pruned back 
a little, will start readily. 
The question is sometimes asked about 
these new American Hawthorns if they are 
really distinct species. The writer has given 
considerable attention to American Haw- 
thorns during the past eight years and has 
observed and collected them throughout 
western New York; the Niagara river and 
Ontario from London to the Valley of the 
St. Lawrence, and has become acquainted 
with about two hundred species and they 
all show specific characters in the same 
sense as do the different Maples and Elms. 
I append a short list of some of the 
