PARK AND CEMETERY. 
184 
Nominations for officers for the en- 
suing year were next in order. Fred 
R. Diering, Woodlawn, New York, and 
James Currie, Forest Home, Milwau- 
kee, Wis., were nominated for the 
offices of President and Vice-Presi- 
dent, respectively. Bellett Lawson 
said he had held the office of Secre- 
tary-Treasurer three years and 
thought some one else should try - it. 
Charles B. Jefferson, West Laurel 
Hill, Philadelphia, T. H. Little, Mount 
Hope, Chicago, and Frank Enrich, 
Woodlawn, Detroit, Mich., were placed 
in nomination for the office and the 
two former withdrew, leaving only Mr. 
Eurich’s name before the convention. 
It was resolved to notify the Secre- 
tary of the decease of any of the mem- 
bers of the association, and that he be 
empowered to see that a floral design 
be furnished at the expense of the asso- 
ciation. 
While in California recently Presi- 
dent Cline was impressed with the 
oiled roads and at his request Mr. C. 
Ohnemuller, Superintendent Ever- 
green Cemetery, Los Angeles, pre- 
sented the ■ following paper : 
Oiled Roads in California 
The dusty roads of Southern California 
made it necessary to find a means by which 
the dust might be effectually laid without 
too great an expense. Water was scarce, 
and the cost a great deal, so that process 
had to be abandoned, at least to some ex- 
tent. 
In the spring and summer of 1898, six 
miles of highways were oiled by Los Ange- 
les County and in 1899 the same roads, 
with an additional seven miles were oiled. 
This experiment proved to be very satis- 
factory and in 1900 fifty miles were oiled, 
most of this being oiled twice. 
The process, as now in use, took some 
time and experimenting to perfect. At first 
oil was sprinkled on top of the road, just 
as water is used. Although this laid the 
dust, to some extent, yet it was not very 
satisfactory, because the oily particles, fly- 
ing around in the air, stuck to everything 
they came in contact with and left grease 
spots on the clothes. The best and most 
used process of today consists of first 
plowing up the road to the depth of about 
one foot. The clods are then broken up 
if not too large by harrowing, but some- 
times sledge hammers and mallets must be 
used. After the soil is thoroughly pulver- 
ized, a road grader is used to make the 
road even, and shape it so that it will 
shed water. After being again harrowed 
and roiled crude oil is sprinkled over it, 
after being heated to a temperature of from 
one hundred and seventy to three hundred 
degrees Fahrenheit. From one hundred 
twenty to three hundred barrels per mile, 
depending on the width of the road are 
.used. If the road has very heavy traffic, 
sometimes as many as four hundred barrels 
per mile are used. In a few weeks, a sec- 
ond coating is applied and then coarse 
gravel or sand, usually river sand Is the 
best, is sprinkled over the top to absorb 
the surplus oil. After the road has been- 
used a few weeks, it becomes as solid as 
macadam, the oil having mixed with the 
fine soil and thus forming a solid mass. 
The color of the road is from dark brown 
to black. The oil has little or no effect on 
rubber and does not hurt rubber-tired ve- 
hicles to any extent. 
PHOTOS BY SID J. HARE 
1. Monument by St. Gaudens, Island Cem- 
etery. 
2. Monument by Oscar Lenz, Island Ceme- 
tery. 
3. Box Hedge Around Above Monuments. 
4. Box Trees, Island Cemetery. 
After a few weeks no oil stains are left 
on tires and the dust is effectually laid for 
one and sometimes two years. 
California oil contains mostly asphaltum 
and petrolene. The asphaltum being hard 
and brittle forms part of the road and the 
patrolene absorbs the dust. About one 
thousand miles of oiled roads have been 
completed in California and the oil cost- 
ing from sixty-five cents to one dollar per 
barrel. In Golden Gate Park in San Fran- 
cisco, four and one half miles of a thirty- 
five foot road were oiled at a cost of one 
dollar per barrel applied and six thousand 
barrels were used. The road was much 
better than before and the Park Commis- 
sioners estimated that about five hundred 
dollars per month and seventy thousand 
gallons of water per day were saved. 
Many private corporations are using oiled 
roads and they are especially valuable in 
parks and cemeteries, because there is not 
only a lack of dust, but also a lack of 
weeds. The roads also dry off very quick- 
ly and there is never any mud to be seen. 
The following description of how 
the roads are prepared and the oil 
applied was also written at the re- 
quest of Mr. Cline by Doran, Bronse 
and Price, contractors: 
The roadway is brought to a finished 
grade, then thoroughly harrowed to a 
depth of two or three inches. It is then 
given an application of oil at a tempera- 
ture from 150 to 180 degrees (applied from 
an ordinary tank wagon with special gates 
for spreading the oil) of about one gallon 
to the square yard. This is allowed to 
stand for 48 hours, then thoroughly har- 
rowed and a further application of a simi- 
lar amount given, then allowed to stand 
for at least 72 hours and enough sharp 
sand spread over the surface to keep the 
roller from sticking. 
It is then thoroughly rolled with a heavy 
roller and any spots that show too much 
oil have more sand applied, and any that 
show too little oil have more oil applied. 
Traffic should be kept from the roadway 
for ten days or two weeks to give the oil a 
chance to oxidize. 
This work is preferably done in the sum- 
mer when the earth is hot and the oil 
will penetrate further. It is frequently the 
case that after a road is completed the hot 
sun will draw the oil to the surface so that 
it may need a further application of sand. 
We use thirteen to fifteen gravity oil 
which carries from forty-five to sixty per 
cent liquid asphaltum. The cost, with oil 
at 75c per barrel of 42 gallons, is from a 
cent to a cent and a quarter per square 
foot. 
Mr. G. F. Staiidley, Beverl\-, Mass., 
President of the New England Ceme- 
tery Association, made a brief report 
for his association which began with 
nine members in 1903 and now num- 
bers sixty or more; meetings are held 
four or five times a year at different 
cemeteries and much good is being 
accomplished. 
At 5 o’clock the special cars were 
taken for headquarters where, after a 
brief stay, the party boarded the ex- 
cursion steamer Squantum for a ride 
to a pleasure resort known as Vanity 
Fair on the shores of Narragansett 
Bay, where they devoted the evening 
to amusement. 
Thursday’s program provided a va- 
riety of attractions that filled the day 
in a manner that more than sustained 
