201 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
other plants used in landscape gard- 
ening works and of their cultivation, 
cost and aesthetic qualities. Such 
knowledge is absolutely essential. 
The point sought to be enforced 
is that the landscape gardener should 
he educated to design first the gen- 
eral plan for a given work, then its 
constituent parts and details in such 
a way that they will produce a con- 
sistent, well balanced, harmonious 
whole and to always keep in mind 
that the inherent, essential beauty of 
the whole, and its obvious and grace- 
ful adaptation to its main purposes, 
arc far more important than its su- 
perficial ornamentation. 
Horticulture is the art of the culti- 
^•ation of garden plants as distin- 
guished from farm crops. Those hor- 
ticulturists who raise or sell plants 
for their beauty are florists. Most 
ilorists advise as to or direct the use 
of ornamental plants. Many florists 
also branch out into the practice of 
landscape gardening because their 
t-echnical knowledge enables them 
to do well enough to satisfy those 
who employ them. Similarly drug- 
gists sell drugs without prescriptions 
of physicians, dealers sell spectacles 
witliout prescriptions of professional 
oculists. 
Nevertheless all who can afford it 
should get advice on matters of land- 
scape design from the best available 
professional landscape gardener, just 
When the month of October is 
reached the number of trees, shrubs 
and vines in flower begins to lessen 
perceptibly, but in a measure they 
are not missed, for the ripening ber- 
ries on many of them and beautiful 
Autumn foliage are then being dis- 
played, and day after day some fresh 
attraction is presented to us. There 
are today attractions of some nature 
on all of the following sorts: Calli- 
carpa purpurea, Caryopteris Masta- 
canthus, Crategus coccinea, Elseag- 
nus umbellata, Dolichos Japonicus, 
Gordonia pubescens. Honeysuckles, 
T.j'cium Chinense, Celastrus scan- 
dens, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vitex 
agnus-castus and Vitis heterophylla 
variegata. 
The Callicarpa is an exceedingly 
])retty shrub. It flowers earlier than 
this, but in this month the flowers 
have passed to berries, which are now 
clustered along slender shoots two 
feet or more in length. Towards the 
close of the month the berries be- 
as they should get advice as to mat- 
ters of health from a competent phy- 
sician. Florists should therefore 
avoid competing with competent 
landscape gardeners. 
This principle of specialization of 
knowledge and its application to hu- 
man affairs is well known to florists, 
but for one reason or another they 
do and will continue to practice land- 
scape gardening, and it must be ac- 
knowledged that to a certain extent 
and under certain circumstances they 
are justified in doing so. 
The direction in which the work of 
florists in the field of landscape gar- 
dening is usually most open to crit- 
icism is in its aesthetic qualities. 
The mind of the florist is usually 
occupied either by practical details or 
in considering the beauty of particu- 
lar flowers or plants. This tends to 
unfit him as a landscape designer. If 
he is to practice landscape gardening, 
he should subordinate beauty of 
plants to the beauty of the compo- 
sition or design as a whole. In doing 
so he cannot succeed unless he stud- 
ies first the reciuirements of the case, 
the utilization of its opportunities for 
landscape beauty, its financial limita- 
tions, and so on. Then he must form 
in his mind, or on paper, a general 
plan or solution of the problem em- 
bodying such qualities as fitness, har- 
money, contrast, simplicity or intri- 
cacy, proportion, relation of masses, 
come of a purple color, when the 
bush becomes of great attraction. 
Eleagnus umbellata is a species 
which ripens its light red berries 
now, and as a rule these berries are 
crowded all along its branches. It is 
not uncommon to see branches six 
feet in length as full as they can be 
with their ornamental fruit. Besides 
this the shrub has leaves pretty and sil- 
very on their under surfaces, a char- 
acter belonging to all the species, 
from which comes their common 
name. Silver Thorn. 
Vaccinium corymbosum is men- 
tioned because of the wine colored 
foliage the close of the month brings. 
Its flowers, which come in May, are 
beautiful, and its fruit is much sought 
for, but its handsome Fall foliage is 
not the least of its merits. 
Vitex agnus-castus is valued for its 
flowers in October. There are two 
or three colors of it. The common 
form is lilac. There is a white one 
and another intermediate between 
colors, and so on to other details. 
But even if he refrains from de- 
signing landscape the florist should 
be an artist. 
The very existence of florists de- 
pends upon the public demand for 
beautiful flowers and garden plants. 
If the florist is to succeed in the aes- 
thetic side of his business he must 
be endowed with certain aesthetic fac- 
ulties and cultivate them to the point 
of efficiency. A mere love of flow- 
ers is not sufficient, any more than 
an ear for music would indicate the 
existence of the qualities required for 
a successful musician. There must 
be the power to observe and study, 
to imagine combinations and modifi- 
cations of things seen or learned of, 
to mentally test them by various 
standards and rules and by the known 
effects of similar things, that have 
been or can be seen. There must be 
the critical faculty, the weighing of 
advantages and disadvantages, the 
power to curb impulses and first im- 
pressions until reason has passed 
judgment. Perception, selection, mem- 
ory, imagination, -reason, application, 
patience, and above all, will power, 
are some of the more important qual- 
ities required for a successful design- 
ing florist. All these faculties gain 
by experience and training and by a 
favorable environment. 
(Continued on page 213.) 
OF OCTOBER 
these two. The leaves are pleasingly 
odoriferous, and the flowers are in 
finger-like spikes, sometimes branched 
at the base. 
Caryopteris is known as Verbena 
shrub, because it belongs to the 
same order as the Verbena. The 
flowers are blue, borne in great 
abundance, in early October. It is 
such a popular bloomer that it is 
often used in beds or in masses for 
Fall effect; and bees are fond of the 
flowers. It is not hardy much north 
of New York City, but it is only 
necessary to preserve alive a few 
inches at the base of the shoots as it 
is the new wood that gives the flowers. 
Dolichos Japonicus, which is illus- 
trated with this, is properly a Puera- 
ria, but has become well known as 
Dolichos. It is one of the fastest 
growing vines known, its strong 
shoots growing a foot a day. The 
vine illustrated has taken possession 
of a horse chestnut tree, and, prac- 
tically, the whole of the growth seen 
BEAUTIFUL TREES AND SHRUBS 
