409 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
pie can feel free to enjoy everything that 
nature presents to us in all the different 
forms in different parts of the world. And 
in that direction I think it worth while to 
call particular attention to the great con- 
trasts we find in so many different cities. 
Of course the dominant note of the cemetery 
today as distinguished from a grave yard, 
if you please, is the park effect. In con- 
trast with that I have in mind particularly 
one city in the countrj’’ where for nearly 
two miles in length and perhaps a quarter 
to a half a mile in width there is a rich 
private cemetery that is one succession of 
stone yards, one after another, that in out- 
line gives contrast and perhaps, if you 
please, the horrible example. Truly, there- 
fore, it is a pleasure to see now in the de- 
velopment of the work a consistent effort 
towards maintaining the cemetery more as 
a park than as a burying ground. Un- 
doubtedly, of course, the superintendents 
have all the trouble in the world in keep- 
ing the gentlemen who have charge of the 
financial end of it from saying that a stone 
shall go here or there against the rules and 
regulations of and the canons of good taste; 
but after all that becomes a minor thing. 
This property* itself illustrates the park idea, 
as do so many of the larger cemeteries, of 
course, in the down town regions, where 
they do become essential portions of the 
pleasure drives. Throughout the whole 
country, where you gentlemen can work out 
your cemeteries in that way, you are but 
doing the same work exactly that the de- 
signers of great public work are doing; and 
eveiT effort that you can make to avoid 
the conditions that I have mentioned will 
be immensely appreciated by those inter- 
ested in particular properties, but especially 
by the whole city. In contrast with the 
great stone yards that you find throughout 
the country you can each of you think of 
your own properties where you have left 
open grounds, where you have planted bits 
of green, trees or shrubs, where you have 
avoided the garishness of too much floral 
schemes. I am sure the appreciation comes 
to you immediately in values as well as in 
good appearance. 
It may he interesting to recall what some 
of the European cemeteries have been do- 
ing for centuries, which you will find in 
sharp contrast to the truly American idea of 
the cemetery as a park. It was my good 
fortune some years ago to be in Vienna 
on All Souls’ Day. Vienna,- with its two or 
three million of people, having really only 
one cemetery, a great municipal property, 
every portion of it enclosed partly by iron 
fence and partly by walls, every grave 
raised from one to two feet high, and on 
that particular day and especially in the 
evening a light burning on every grave. Of 
course the whole was an exceedingly inter- 
esting thing, but it illustrates the very great 
progress made in that direction and initi- 
ated in the United States. They are all go- 
ing in that direction now, and they all 
imagine that they are the pioneers in the 
work; but if you will look back to the early 
work in this country you will find that it 
antedates everything in every other country, 
and perhaps the first and largest work of 
that kind is in “Spring Grove.” From that 
everyone has developed in his own particu- 
lar -way a park that is well worthy every- 
where of being incorporated into the park 
system. In St. Louis I have endeavored to 
incorporate the two great cemeteries on the 
north into the final park system by bring- 
ing Kings Highway into touch "with it. In 
Indianapolis today we are working out a 
boulevard system that will take in “Crown 
Hill” on one side. In Syracuse, New York, 
I noticed not long ago the very beautiful 
showing made by “O'akwood” and “Morning- 
side” and a boulevard projected along the 
side of them shows these two properties to 
be perfect parks in themselves. 
In the case of this property where we are 
today, although quite a distance east of the 
city, the Blue Ridge Road lying on the hills 
just west of us will undoubtedly become a 
part of the great system of pleasure drives. 
and this property will be fitted into the 
Kansas City system. 
The whole idea, however, that has im- 
pressed me regarding the incorporation of 
these properties into the public system i^ 
that, in the absence of the “stone-yard,” the 
great open places of our cemeteries become 
as important as any of our parks or the open 
places of every city. And looking in that 
direction, I wish very much you might en- 
courage your sales agents to sell land rather 
than to sell stone. 
In the absence of W. H. Dunn, super- 
intendent of the Kansas City parks, the 
subject of “Oiled Roads,” which was 
to have been discussed by him, was 
ably handled by S. W. Benedict, assist- 
ant engineer of the Kansas City park 
plied to a number of questions after con- 
cluding his paper. The subject proved 
of deep interest and the discussion of 
different road covering materials was 
continued until it was time to adjourn 
to return to the city. 
Evening Session : Officers for the 
ensuing year were nominated as follows 
without a dissenting voice: For presi- 
dent, James Currie, Milwaukee, Wis. ; 
vice-president, John Reid, Detroit, Mich. ; 
secretary and treasurer, Frank Eurich, 
Detroit, Mich. 
“Markers level with the ground” was 
discussed pro and con. Mr. Hare 
DRIVE IN ROANOKE PARK, KANSAS CITY, MO. 
Showing- Oiled Road and Rugged Scenery. 
department. He said in part : “The 
first experiment was made in the fall of 
1906 with light residuum oil, which 
proved of value as a dust layer and as 
a protection to the macadam from water 
through winter and spring. The oil used 
comes from Kansas and costs 80 cents 
per barrel of forty-two gallons. It is 
not the crude oil as it comes from the 
well, as this has little value as a road 
oil, but is a residuum from which the 
distillates, naphtha and kerosene, have 
been removed, and has a paraffine base. 
Oil with an asphaltic base, such as is 
used in Los Angeles, is a better road 
oil than one with a paraffine base. 
Thirty-three cars of oil were used in 
1907, giving most of the macadam roads . 
two applications, at a cost of $10,671.44 
for material and labor, or two-thirds as 
much as the old w'ay of sprinkling with 
water, and the results in every way more 
satisfactory. No water from rain or 
snow penetrates the oiled surface and 
the road is dry as soon as the rain 
ceases or the snow melts. The freezing 
and thawing of winter and spring breaks 
the surface but little.” Mr. Benedict de- 
scribed the methods used for heating, 
applying and distributing the oil and re- 
thought they gave the best results. In 
“Mt. Hope,” at Joplin, Mo., old markers 
are being cut and set level with the 
ground. Mr. Hobert said this method 
of setting markers was growing in favor 
at Lakewood, Minneapolis. The lot 
owners in a certain section are circu- 
lating a petition to have all the markers 
in that section lowered. He did not 
know of a stone that had been injured 
by the lawn mowers. Mr. Soper did not 
favor markers level with the ground 
owing to the defacement of raised let- 
ters. Mr. Carter favored a height of a 
couple of inches above the ground; he 
considered markers level with the 
ground practically useless in spring and 
fall as far as showing the location of 
the grave was concerned. Mr. Tilton 
said in one section in Graceland, Chi- 
cago, markers were allowed one inch 
above the sod ; there are but few ob- 
jections from lot owners and he has 
observed no damage to letters. Mr. 
Ross said the idea of setting markers 
flush with the grave was comparatively 
new at Newton Cemetery, but it was 
gaining in favor among the lot owners. 
Mr. Jensen said no markers were al- 
lowed in new sections at Mt. Olivet, 
