PARK AND CEMETERY. 
416 
large as three-quarters of an inch in 
diameter, which when bush-hammered 
and acid treated showed a rough cast 
and displayed to greater advantage the 
natural color of the stone. In some 
instances the grey eastern granites 
have been used in conjunction with 
crushed marble and various colored 
sands mixed with the white cements 
which have recently come upon the 
market. In using the darker stone, 
especially the black and red granite, 
ordinary Portland cement has been 
employed, care having been taken to 
use those brands which set up in the 
darker colors. A small quantity of 
crushed mica added to the mixture 
produces ai> effect of color and cast 
not unlike cut granite. All of the 
smaller pieces of work alluded to 
have been heavily reinforced on ac- 
count of the rough treatment to 
which they are often times subjected, 
and especially to guard against the 
disintegrating effect of heat and cold, 
as in all cases it is expected to leave 
them unprotected during the winter. 
The drinking fountain shown in 
illustration is fitted with nickle plated 
two-way water pipes and aluminum 
sanitary cups. The fountains com- 
plete when set in place cost in the 
neighborhood of $15.00 — about one- 
sixth the cpst of a stone fountain of 
similar size and design. They are sim- 
ple and inconspicuous and fill a long 
felt want on the lawns and picnic 
grounds. 
Two bridges of considerable size 
have been erected during the past sea- 
son, the larger one show^n being built 
at a cost of about $65,000. It has a 
five-point arch of one hundred foot 
span, the summit of the intrados be- 
ing sixteen feet above the mean water 
level. On account of the instability 
of the artificially made ground at 
either end of the structure, four con- 
crete struts, in each of which were 
imbedded six three inch steel rods 
connected by turnbuckles, were used 
to tie the abutments together, these 
struts being laid thirteen feet below 
datum. The entire surface of the 
bridge including the intrados of the 
arch is to be bush-hammered and 
treated with acid as in the case of 
smaller ornamental work. At the 
corners of the bridge setting four feet 
back from the spring line have been 
placed concrete retaining walls built 
in the arc of the circle which will re- 
tain loam covered banks on which 
trees and shrubs will be planted to 
screen the spandrel walls and soften 
the lines of the structure. 
It is in the construction of under- 
ground buildings that concrete serves 
a unique and valuable purpose. In 
parks where the encroachment of 
buildings on the landscape becomes 
.so serious a matter from a scenic 
point of view,- it is possible by means 
of careful construction and effective 
- "i 
CONTRETB T'TILITIES IN LINCOI.N 
PAItK, CHICAGO. 
1. Concrete l)encli w5tli false seat: 2, Garbage 
box: :5 and 1. two types of lamp post. 
water-proofing to make such build- 
ings perfectly sanitary and comfort- 
able, serving their purpose in every 
way, as well as surface structures and 
presenting on their exterior nothing 
more formidable and unsightly than a 
well graded bank of verdure. The 
boat club house illustrated is being 
erected at a cost of approximately 
$15,000, and consists of a storage 
room for racing shells and canoes one 
hundred feet long by four feet wide. 
The room is illuminated b}^ eighteen 
prismatic sky lights, each having 
eighteen square feet of area. Contig- 
uous to this shed is a semi-circular 
building one liundred twenty-five feet 
long measured on the arc of the circle 
and twent\'-two feet deep, which in- 
cludes locker rooms, a boiler room, 
men and women's toilets and an as- 
sembly hall or club room forty feet 
by twenty-two feet. Two brick lined 
concrete fire places have been built 
within the walls, and an attractive 
granular finish has been given the in- 
terior by the use of quarter-inch lime- 
stone screenings incorporated with ce- 
ment in the proportion of one part to 
six and placed in the form without an 
excess of moisture. This finish gives 
an extremely pleasing effect when 
stained in quiet, harmonizing colors. 
The entire building is to be covered 
with three feet of loam and planted 
with trees and shrubs, the only eleva- 
tion visible being from across the la- 
goon, the walls in this case being 
covered with c'ines and set off with 
low shrubliery. 
In work of this character, ordinary 
park labor can be employed to per- 
haps better advantage than can skilled 
building lalior as employed by con- 
tractors, principally for the reason 
that the work can be carried on more 
carefully under the direct supcr\'ision 
of the Park Superintendent or his en- 
gineers, and also from the fact that 
minor changes can be accomplished 
without the trouble usually resultant 
when contractors are employed. 
As to the matter of general de- 
sign it would seem that the well 
founded rules of architecture should 
apply to concrete construction as well 
as when other building materials are 
used. It is true that the ease by which 
so-called embellishments can be 
worked out in concrete i)rovcs a lure 
and a snare to many an architect, 
^’et there would seem to be nothing 
in the physical character of the ma- 
terial which would compel over-zeal- 
ous fliscii)les of simple art to go so 
far as to make their work take on 
the cold and i-cpulsivc aspect (if a 
bridge .'ibutmcnl m' retaining wall 
