425 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
■ PLANTING FOR WINTER EFFECT in the NORTH 
During the really marvelous decade 
through which we have passed, in 
which the masses have shown a re- 
sponse to the education which has 
been imparted to them by the many 
landscape gardeners, artists and na- 
ture lovers, who have labored with 
such untiring devotion to the cause 
of outdoor art, the people of the 
Northern States have learned to ap- 
preciate the beauties of the Winter 
season, and though, to many, the term 
Winter is equivalent to death, in that 
all activity of growth is at rest, they 
do not realize that rest is as neces- 
sary as growth, and that even in the 
tropics there is a season of rest, 
though it may not be expressed in 
the same manner as in our snow- 
bound latitudes; yet to others Winter 
means only a change from the per- 
vading green of Summer, through the 
high coloration of Fall, to the gray 
elYect of the woods and the brilliant 
berry and evergreen effects with a 
groundwork and background of glis- 
tening snow. The subtle effects are 
always lost in Summer by the massive 
foliage, and it is only the hand of 
Winter that can reveal them to us. 
When we realize that in the northern 
parts of the Northern States there is 
a Winter season of from four to five 
months’ duration, it behooves us to 
study our material thoroughly, in or- 
der to make our home surroundings, 
whether large estates or small city 
lots, as attractive and delightful as the 
art of the landscape artist can sug- 
gest. 
The aim of this paper, which might 
more properly be called “planting for 
Winter effect in the northern part of 
the Northern States,’’ is to stimulate 
the growing desire of aesthetic people 
in this belt of our country to pro- 
duce landscape pictures which will 
gladden and cheer through the Win- 
ter season. Although many expellent 
articles have appeared in recent years 
in our best journals on the subject 
of planting for Winter effect, yet al- 
most all of this valuable information 
has been written for Winter effects 
which could be produced in the lati- 
tude of New York City, or along the 
Paf>er read by George Edward McChcre, of Buf- 
falo., before the Convention of the Society 
of American Florists 
Atlantic coast as far north as Boston, 
and in many cases this information, 
as applied to the region of the Great 
Lakes, has often resulted in partial, 
if not complete, failure. This has 
served to discourage tho^e who sought 
to reproduce the Winter pictures 
painted by writers from a more tem- 
perate region. Although a great many 
of the trees and shrubs which are use- 
ful for planting for Winter effect 
come from foreign lands and are use- 
ful in this country only when ex- 
tremes in temperature are not very 
severe, yet a long list of iron-clad ma- 
terials is at hand to select from for 
the extremel}^ cold regions of our 
Northern States. 
When we contemplate planting 
for Winter effect, the mind turns first 
to the evergreens, then to berry 
plants, and to the bright colored 
branches of the dogwoods and osiers, 
etc., but seldom do we think of the 
beautiful effect of the Winter woods, 
the persistent foliage of some of the 
beeches and oaks, which, although 
brown and dry, yet are cheerful in 
their effect. Little is thought of the 
beautiful shades of brown, gray and 
white, in the trunk and branch, or 
of the variety of the frame work of 
the various trees, which gives an ele- 
ment of strength to the Winter land- 
scape, or to the variety in trees and 
shrubs, in the delicate tracery of their 
smaller twigs as evidenced by some 
of the birches and alders, etc., in the 
trees, and in the shrubs by such as 
Stephanandra flexuosa, the coral ber- 
ry (Symphoricarpus vulgaris) and 
some of the spiraeas. Among the de- 
ciduous trees which are attractive 
during Winter might be mentioned the 
Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) 
which, with its pendant balls of fruit 
borne high against the sky, seems to 
take away the barrenness of the de- 
ciduous trees, and is suggestive of the 
Christmas decorations so admired by 
the young folks on Christmas trees. 
While this tree is beautiful in Winter 
it has also much to recommend it as 
a fast growing tree for Summer ef- 
fect. Its beautiful bark, with the ir- 
regular patches of green and gray, 
are also interesting in the Winter 
season. In much the same manner 
the liquidambar (Liquidambar styra- 
ciflua) is interesting with its fruit in 
pendant spiked balls. Its symmetrical 
form of growth and extremely corky 
branches are noticeable to those who 
are only casual observers. The shell 
bark hickory (Hicoria ovata) while 
suggestive of strength is also espe- 
cially interesting on account of its 
peculiar bark formation, which is un- 
like any other common species of 
tree. If planted near the shell bark 
hickory' and other trees with rough 
bark the American beech (Fagus fer- 
ruginea) shows to advantage, as its 
gray bark is the smoothest of any of 
our hardy American trees, and never 
fails to attract attention from those 
who seek the beauties of Winter as 
found in our woods. It is also espe- 
cially attractive in Winter, as the 
young trees often hold their dry 
leaves as do some of the oaks well 
into the Winter. Among other trees 
which imight be mentioned as being 
attractive in Winter, from the stand- 
point of their bark coloration, are 
the yellow branched linden (Tilia 
platyphyllus var. aurea), the Baby- 
lonian willow (Salix Babylonica), 
and the white willow (Salix alba) 
with its brownish yellow branches, 
the white poplar (Populus alba) 
and its fastigiate variety Bolleana 
with their gray-green bark, Acer 
Pennsylvanicum with its white striped 
bark and greenish twigs, the red 
birch (Betula nigra) with its brown 
bark, the canoe birch (Betula papy- 
rifera), the white birch (Betula popu- 
lifolia) and the European white 
birch (Betula alba) are the most 
beautiful white barked trees. Their 
graceful outlines are one of the de- 
lights of Winter landscape, but un- 
fortunately they are afflicted with the 
birch borer, which in some localities 
is so destructive that the culture of 
the trees has been abandoned. When 
