427 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
cover between evergreens and rhodo- 
dendrons; its cheerful green is not 
only beautiful to the eye but the plant 
acts as a protection from deep freez- 
ing of the soil. When it is planted in 
mass in the open, or on the edge of 
a shrub border, in company with Rosa 
blanda, it makes a unique combina- 
tion, as with the brilliant large fruits 
of the rose borne near the ground 
and just over the ground work of 
green vinca, the effect is suggestive 
of the Christmas season. 
Another broad leaved evergreen 
which, is useful in the Northern lati- 
tudes is Euonymus radicans, which, 
as a low climber, takes the place of 
the English ivy. As a creeper it is 
seen at its best. The sun of Febru- 
ary and March often burns some of 
the upper leaves, but whenever it pro- 
duces its red berries it is a thing to 
be desired. 
The Japanese honeysuckle (Loni- 
cera Halleana), while not considered 
an evergeen, yet retains its green 
leaves until long after Christmas in 
sheltered situations, when used as a 
trailer, but not when used as a climber, 
as the leaves are more exposed to 
frost and wind and are not as per- 
sistent. As this plant is used for 
covering banks in open ravines, and 
around rocks and boulders, it has a 
cheery effect on a Winter day. 
One of the chief delights of a Win- 
ter garden is the effect of the berried 
shrubs and trees, and of course we 
always think of berried plants in rela- 
tion to Christmas and very naturally 
to the holly that is so extensively used 
at that time. The Northerner is de- 
nied the use of this most regal plant, 
but whenever evergreen leaves and 
red berries can be combined, it is re- 
garded as the highest perfection of 
Winter effect. 
A few years ago I conceived the 
idea of using the Winter berry, or 
leafless holly (Ilex verticillata), which 
is more profuse with its berries than 
the Southern holly, along with the 
English privet (Ligustrum vulgare) 
mixing the two kinds and planting in 
masses. The privet retains part of its 
green leaves until January and has 
splendid trusses of brilliant black ber? 
ries and the effect of these black ber- 
ries and green leaves, with the dense 
masses of red berries of the leafless 
holly, is similar to that obtained in 
English gardens by the famous holly 
plant. The Ilex is vigorous, as also is 
the privet, and the whole in time be- 
comes a tangled mass and the effect 
glorious. Sometimes the leafless holly 
is planted along with mountain laurel, 
but as the laurel is low and the ilex 
high, the green leaves and berries are 
not together and the effect not as 
good. Even though it is not always 
possible to secure a background of 
green for berried plants in the Winter, 
it is not always desirable, as the snow 
itself is a sufficient background for 
many berried plants. Among the 
most common and best of our berried 
plants are, the common barberry (B. 
vulgaris) with its racemes of brilliant 
berries which remain well into the 
Winter and the Japanese barberry (B. 
Thunbergi) with its single yet thickly 
borne berries of as brilliant a hue; the 
high bush cranberry (Viburnum Opu- 
lus) whose bright and large trusses of 
berries last until the new leaves are 
formed in the Spring and are very 
striking. Many of the endless num- 
ber of forms of cratjegus are useful 
for Winter effect, and although their 
fruits are not persistent during the 
entire Winter season, yet many are 
glorious in the early Winter. Euony- 
mus Bungeanus holds its fruits very 
long; in fact, it is better than the 
“Wahoo,” or strawberry tree (E. 
Americana). The sea buckthorn (Hip- 
pophje rhamnoides) is also attractive 
in Winter because of its yellow black 
dotted fruit, which is very persistent. 
Many of the roses are extremely beau- 
tiful as their fruits are often large. 
One of the best is the Japanese rose 
(Rosa rngosa), whose large haws or 
berries are highly colored and remain 
long ; in fact, it is better than the 
landscape. Rosa multiflora, whose 
fruits, although smaller, are borne in 
large clusters and last all Winter. 
Rosa lutescens has the largest fruit, 
some of which are one inch long and 
are borne in clusters of four. Rosa 
blanda is also useful. 
The privets, both the common (L. 
vulgare) and the Japanese (L. Ibota) 
have large clusters of shining black 
berries and are very striking with a 
background of the snow. The snow- 
berry (S. racemosus) with its pro- 
fuse masses of white berries and the 
coral berry (S. vulgaris) are both 
splendid species for effective Winter 
planting. When planted in masses in 
richly prepared borders, they produce 
riotous masses of fruit. The Euro- 
pean buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) 
so often used for a windbreak, has at- 
tractive black fruits, as has also Rho- 
dotypos kerrioides. The staghon-j 
sumach (Rhus typhina) produces a 
marked effect in a Winter landscape, 
with its antler-like dense clusters of 
berries. The smooth sumach (R. gla- 
bra) is also useful as a Winter fruited 
plant. 
The European mountain ash (Sor- 
bus Aucuparia) with its bright red 
berries in large clusters, is especially 
useful for Winter effect and the yel- 
low berried form is also useful for 
variety. With an evergreen back- 
ground they are especially attractive. 
Among the vines for Winter effect 
nothing can surpass the bitter-sw'eet 
(Celastrus scandens) with its Winter 
array of orange berries; when the vine 
is allowed to grow as a shrub, form- 
ing an uneven mass of twining stems, 
covered with attractive fruits it is par- 
ticularly fine. C. articulatus is also a 
splendid berried vine similar to the 
bitter-sweet. Vitis heterophylla, 
whose grape-like clusters of whitish- 
blue berries offer a variety in berry 
color, are also interesting from the 
standpoint of Winter effect. 
The variety of berried plants is not 
seriously limited by the effect of the 
higher latitudes and when planting for 
Winter effect, if planned, we may en- 
joy a profusion of color all Winter, 
which will please the eye and make 
our Winter walk through park or 
home grounds a joy which belongs 
peculiarly to the Winter season. 
One of the very best opportunities 
for brightening up the Winter land- 
scape is offered to us with a lavish 
hand in the bright colored branches of 
twigs in shrubs and trees. Who of 
us has , not been charmed, after the 
leaves have fallen, with a large mass 
of the red .osier dogwood (Cornus 
stolonifera) ; as seen from the window 
of a train, the effect is lasting. A 
number of the cornus is useful in 
planting for Winter effect; the best is 
C. alba Sibirica and C. stolonifera for 
red stems and C. Stolonifera var. flav- 
iramea for the yellow effect of its 
branches. When planted in large 
masses beside the brilliant green 
branches of Kerria Japonica, the effect 
is really wonderful. There are numer- 
ous species of cornus, among which 
might be mentioned C. Amomum and 
C. circinata, with bright colored bark 
which gives us shades of color, which 
are useful for Winter effect and as 
their berries are quite persistent and 
usually of a bluish white shade, the 
contrast between stems and fruit is 
good. The red stems of Rosa Iticida 
are also used to advantage. 
In large shrub borders, along mar- 
gins of ponds and edges of creeks, the 
brilliant osiers form an important part 
of the Winter landscape. About the 
best are the golden branched willow 
(Salix vitellina var. aurea) and the 
variety Britzensis with reddish 
branches; Salix viminalis, the basket 
willow, has also bright yellow stems 
{Continued on page IX) 
