CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
31 
or in shape of petaloid scales. Around the ovary are sometimes 
free hypogynous glands, alternate with the petals, but generally 
these are combined into a cup-shaped nectary, which in some 
instances, as in Liriosma, is free from the ovarium and partially 
adnate to the calyx ; but in others, as in Schbpfia, lodina, Arjuona, 
and Quinchamalium, it is wholly adnate to the ovarium and free 
from the calyx, while in Cathedra it is free both from the calyx 
and ovarium. This hypogynous disk, when developed, always 
bears on its margin the jietals and stamens. The ovarium is 
always wholly superior with respect to the calyx, but often partly 
immersed in the cupuliform disk, and is frequently surmounted 
by a remarkable fleshy epig3rnous gland, which sometimes wholly 
covers its upper moiety ; it bears a simple style, and a more or 
less clavate stigma. The internal structure of the ovarium is 
always constant in its character; unilocular at its summit, and 
more or less divided at base into incomplete cells, by spurious 
dissepiments, which separating from the axis, are often continued 
along the walls of the cell, in the form of so many narrow parietal 
keels. The placenta is axile, united at base with the short in- 
complete dissepiments, but quite free above, in the shape of an 
axile column, from which are suspended as many ovules as there 
are pseudo-dissepiments ; these are generally three in number, 
more seldom two or flve, and rarely by abortion only one, as 
occurs sometimes, but not always, in Opilia : this axile placenta, 
veiy distinct from the ordinaiy trophosperm, and which I have 
elsewhere proposed to call a Cionosperm (from klwv, columella), 
sometimes does not extend beyond the point of insertion of the 
ovules, while at others it rises above, in the form of an apical 
point, as in Ximenia, where it is prolonged far into a cavity of 
the style that is continuous with the cell of the ovarium, but in 
such cases it is always free and unconnected with it. One ovule 
only (as in the Santalacea) becomes matured into a fleshy drupe, 
which is sometimes supported at its base upon its unchanged 
calyx, while in others, as in Olax, Heisteria, Cathedra, and Quin- 
chamalium, the calyx enlarges and encloses the fruit ; and in some 
cases, as in Liriosma, the calyx increases in size, and becoming 
adnate, forms the fleshy external covering of the drupe. The 
])utamen is one-celled, containing a single suspended seed; this, 
at flrst sight, presents a naked albumen filling the cavity, as in 
Santalacece, but the membranaceous and pellicular integument 
will be found adhering to the inner face of the cell, and when 
separated, there will be seen on one side a funicular raphe-like 
thread, extending from the base to near the summit, which is 
merely the attenuated rem.ains of the jilacentary column, with 
the abortive ovules, still visible, at the apical point of attachment 
to the integument. The embryo is small, terete, and seated in 
