174 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
similar angle of radiation from the axis, the raphe in all of them 
will be seen in the same facial direction. As an example of the 
different mode of development in Elceoca'i'pea, I will cite what I 
have observed in Aristotelia : the ovules, two in each cell, are there 
attached collaterally a little below the summit of the axis ; they 
are natui’ally at first cupuliform, as Prof. Agardh shows in tab. 21, 
fig. 7 ; and in the progress of their growth they probably become, 
as he says, mutually heterotropal, — that is, one growing upwards, 
the other downwards, with the raphe towards the axis in both 
cases. In confirmation of this, I have observed that, at the 
period of expansion of the flower, the ovules, by the effect 
of pressure against the cavity of the cell, become twisted round 
upon their funicles, so as to appear superposed, — the left ovule 
becoming superior, with its singularly curved chalazal point 
directed to the dexter side, the right ovule becoming inferior, 
with its chalazal point turned to the sinister side ; and this relative 
position is retained until they ripen into perfect seeds. I have 
here spoken only of Aristotelia, where the ovules are uniserial, 
on which account, and on a mistaken notion of a different dis- 
position of the stamens, Prof. Agardh makes this genus the type 
of a group distinct from Elceocarpea ; but in Tricuspidaria, one 
of his Elceocarpece, where the ovules are pluriserial as well as 
collateral, I find that they are all respectively heterotropal, — that 
is to say, with the raphes, in the one longitudinal row facing those 
of the other row, all diverging horizontally from the axis. There 
is no analogy here, in either case, with Styraceae. Moreover, 
the unguiculate petals in Elmocarpeee, always more or less incised 
at their summit, the long basifixed anthers opening by bilabiate 
pores at their apex, the more numerous stamens inserted within 
a hollow hypogynous disk, upon the outside of which the petals 
are attached, the dissimilar development of the raphe in the seeds, 
and very different nature of the seminal tunics, offer other cha- 
racters completely at variance with Styracinece. I will at some 
future period publish my analysis of the structures of Aristotelia, 
Tricuspidaria, Dasynema, and some other genera of the Eleeocar- 
peae, and will here only observe, respecting their seeds, that their 
seminal tunics are analogous in their nature to those I have 
described in the Clusiacece and Magnoliacece^ ; their outer fleshy 
coating, bearing a simple raphe, is such as I have termed an aril- 
line, resulting from the growth of the priminef, and quite free and 
* Linn. Trans, xxii. 81. 
t I was at first led into error in regard to the origin of this outer coat- 
ing, in opposition to the opinion of Dr. Asa Gray, who, I frankly admit, is 
perfectly correct in assigning it to the growth of the primine. I then 
considered it as originating from an expansion of the placentary sheath, • 
which, indeed, it really is ; but I confounded this development, from not 
