THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
I860 ; id., Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1861, p. 266 ; Sclater %h., 1862, p. 185 ; Gould, 
Handb. Birds Austr., Vol. II., p. 352, 1865 ; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Anseres, 
Vol. VI., p. 92, 1866 ; Muller, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1869, p. 280 ; Gray, Handl. 
Gen. Sp. Birds, pt. iii., p. 73, 1871 ; Giebel, Thes. Ornith., Vol. I., p. 374, 1872 ; 
Ramsay, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1875, p. 590 ; id., ib., 1877, p. 345 ; id., Proc. Linn. 
Soc. N.S.W., Vol. I., pp. 194, 217, 219, 1877 ; id., ih., Vol. II., p. 200, 1878 ; Biggies, 
Birds Austr., Vol. II., pi. 109, 1877 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1880, pp. 497, 
535 ; Forbes, ih., 1882, p. 350 (trachea) ; Ramsay, Tab. List Austr. Birds, p. 22, 
1888 ; Petterd, Papers Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1888, pp. 91, 92, 1889 ; Lumholtz, 
Among Cannibals, p. 383, 1889 ; North, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Austr., Vol. XXII., 
p. 189, 1898 ; MacgiUivray, Emu, Vol. XIII., p. 146, 1914. 
Cygnus melanoleucus Schlegel, Die Dierent, p. 277, 1864. 
Anseranas semipalmatus Eyton, Synop. Anat., p. 23, 1869. 
Choristopus melanoleucus Srmdevall, Meth. Nat. Av. disp. Tent., p. 145, 1872 ; Reichenow, 
Vogel. Zool. Gart., p. 68, 1882 ; Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., 
p. 340, 1890. 
Anseranas semipalmata Stejneger, Stand. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV., Birds, p. 139, 1885 ; 
Salvador!, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. XXVII., p. 44, 1895 ; Hall, Key Birds 
Austr., p. 105, 1899 ; Campbell, Nests and Eggs Austr. Birds, Vol. II., p. 1017, 
1901 ; Le Souef, Emu, Vol. II., p. 159, 1903 ; Hill, ib., p. 166, 1903 ; Carter, ib., 
Vol. III., p. 211, 1904 ; Kilgour, ib., Vol. IV., pp. 38, 42, 1904 ; Hall, Key Birds 
Austr., 2nd ed., p. 105, 1906 ; Sharpe, Hist. Coll. Nat. Hist. Brit. Mus., Vol. II., 
pp. 152-3, 1906 ; Austin, Emu, Vol. VII., p. 78, 1907 ; Mathews, Handl. Birds 
Austral., p. 34, 1908 ; Hall, Emu, Vol. IX., p. 79, 1909 ; Van Oort, Nova Guinea, 
Vol. IX., Zool., p. 55, 1909 (New Guinea) ; Littler, Handb. Birds Tasm., p. 214, 1910 ; 
Mathews, Emu, Vol. X., p. 106, 1910 ; Broadbent, ib., p. 244, 1910 ; Mathews, 
Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 235, 1912 ; Stone, Emu, Vol. XII., p. 121, 1912 ; Hill, 
ib., p. 253, 1913 ; North, Austr. Mus. Spec. Cat., no. 1, Vol. IV., p. 55, 1913 ; 
Mathews, List Birds Austr., p. 87, 1913 ; id.. Ibis 1914, p. 107. 
Anseranas semipalmata hamiltoni Mathews, Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., p. 85, 1912 ; 
Parry’s Creek, North-West Austraha. 
Distribution. Australia and Tasmania. 
Adult male. Head and neck all round, back, wings, tail, and thighs glossy blackish- 
brown ; upper back, short scapulars, and innermost lesser wing-coverts white ; 
the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and inner under wing-coverts ; the marginal under 
wing-coverts dark brown. Bill, distal quarter and distal half of cutting edge leaden 
grey, remainder of bill reddish-brown, which becomes dull purple round the eye ; 
iris brown ; tarsi and feet yellow. Total length 880 mm. ; culmen from top of 
knob 110, wing 458, tail 170, tarsus 102. 
Adult female. Similar to the adult male, but smaller, the knob on the bill not developed, 
and the white on the upper parts not so pronounced. Total length 700 mm. ; 
culmen 84, wing 370, tail 130, tarsus 92. 
Immature male. Similar to the adult female, but the knob on the bill slightly more 
developed. 
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