BLACK SWAN. 
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. I., p. 194, 1877 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
(Lond.), 1880, p. 507 ; Forbes, id., 1882, p. 352 ; Reichenow, Ornitb. Centralbl, 
1882, p. 39 ; id., Vogel. Zool. Gart., p. 70, 1882 ; Legge, Papers Proc. Roy. Soc. 
Tasm., 1886, p. 244, 1887 ; id., ib., 1887, p. 96, 1888 ; Ramsay, Tab. List Austr. 
Birds, p. 22, 1888 ; Evans, Ibis 1891, p. 71 ; Hartert, Kat. Vogels Mus. Senckenb., 
p. 226, 1891. 
Anas cygnus niger Perry, Arcana, March 1, 1811 (New South Wales). 
CJieno'pis atrata Wagler, Isis 1832, p. 1234 ; Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., pt. iii. (Anseres), 
p. 131, 1844; Bonaparte, Comptes Rendus Sci. (Paris), Vol. XLIII., p. 648, 1856; 
Gould, Handb. Birds Austr., Vol. II., p. 346, 1865 ; Ramsay, Ibis 1866, p. 335 ; 
id., Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 1877, p. 345 ; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. V., 
p. 219, 1882 ; Salvador!, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. XXVII., p. 41, 1895 ; Hall, 
Key Birds Austr., p. 105, 1899 ; Campbell, Nests and Eggs Austr. Birds, Vol. II., 
p. 1014, 1901 ; Hill, Emu, Vol. II., p. 166, 1903 ; Carter, ih., Vol. III., p, 211, 1904 ; 
Legge, ib., Vol. IV., p. 107, 1905 ; Lawson, ib., p. 137, 1905 ; Cleland, ib., Vol. V., 
p. 206, 1906 ; Hall, Key Birds Austr., 2nd ed., p. 105, 1906 ; Berney, Emu, Vol. VI., 
p. 156, 1907 ; Batey, ib., Vol. VII., p. 17, 1907 ; Hill, ib., p. 23, 1907 ; Austin, ib., 
p. 78 ; Tait, ib., p. 87, 1907 ; Mattingley, Viet. Nat., Vol. XXV., p. 63, 1908 ; 
Oberholser, Emu, Vol. VIII., p. 9, 1908 ; Hall, ib., Vol. IX., p. 132, 1910 ; Mathews, 
Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 235, 1912 ; Stone, Emu, Vol. XIL, p. 121, 1912 ; 
Chandler, ib., Vol. XIII., p. 35, 1913 ; Orton and Sandland, Emu, Vol. XIII., p. 76, 
1913; Mathews, List Birds Austr., p. 86, 1913; North, Aust. Mus. Spec. Cat., no. 1, 
Vol. IV., p. 52, 1913 ; Sharpe, Hist. Coil. Nat. Hist. Brit. Mus., Vol. II., p. 152, 1906 ; 
Mathews, Handl. Birds Austral., p. 34, 1908 ; Whitlock, Emu, Vol. IX., p. 190, 1910 ; 
Howe, ib., p. 229, 1910 ; Littler, Handb. Birds Tasm., p. 212, 1910 ; Mellor and 
White, Emu, Vol. XII., p. 161, 1913 ; White, ib., p. 183, 1913 ; id., ib., Vol. XIII., 
p; 124, 1914 ; Macgillivray, id., p. 146. 
Cygnus plutonius Badeker, Die Eier eur Vogel., pi. 31, fig. 2, 1863 ; Nathusius, Journ. 
fiir Orn., 1871, p. 253 ; id., ib., 1879, p. 246. 
Chenopsis atrata Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. Vogel., p. x., 1852 ; Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Av. 
Disp. Tent., p. 146, 1872. 
Chenopis atrata roberti Mathews, Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 446, 1912 ; Augusta, South- 
west Australia. \\ 
Distribution. Australia ; Tasmania ; rare in the extreme north of Austraha. 
Adult male. Entire plumage above and below black, somewhat paler and inclining to 
sooty-black on the under-surface, with pale margins to the feathers giving a 
scalloped appearance on the back ; a portion of the bastard-wing and some of the 
upper greater wing-coverts white ; primary-coverts also white at the base and 
black towards the tips, more especially on the inner webs ; primary-quills white, 
irregularly marked with brown near the tips ; secondaries also white except the 
innermost, which are black like the back. Bill strawberry-red ; nail and bar 
flesh-white ; iris dull red ; feet pale yellowish flesh-colour, webs pale grey. Total 
length 915 mm. ; culmen 72, wing 466, tail 100, tarsus 97. 
Adult female. Similar to the adult male. 
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