Genxts— P HALACROCORAX. 
Phalaceocorax Brisson, Ornith., Vol. VI., p. 511, 1760 .. 
Carho Lacepede, Tableau Oiseaux, p. 15, 1799 
(Daudin 1802, Vol. XIV., p. 318.) 
Halieus Illiger, Prodromus, p. 279, 1811 
Garhonarius Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature, p. 72, 1815 
(Auk, Vol. XXVI., p. 50.) 
Hydrocorax Vieillot, Analyse nouv. Ornith., p. 63, 1816 (not 
Hydrocorax Brisson, 1760) 
Graucalus Gray, List Genera Birds, 2nd ed., p. 101, 1841 
(not Cuvier, 1816) . . 
Also spelt — 
Qracvlus Gray, Genera Birds, Vol. III., p. 667, 1846. 
Oormoranus Baillon, Mem. Soc. Roy. Abbev., p. 76, 1833 . . 
Ecmeles Gistel, Naturg. des Thier. Schul., p. ix., 1848 . . 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Type 
P. carho. 
Large Phalacrocoracine birds with long hooked bills, long neck, long wings, 
medium tail, short legs and long toes, all the toes, including the hind one, 
connected with a web. 
The bill is long and slender, with culmen depressed, and a very sharp, 
prominent hook. The culmen is separated from the lateral portions by a 
narrow groove in which the nostrils, obsolete and scarcely apparent in the 
adult, are placed at about a quarter the bill’s length from the frontal 
feathering. The bill is longer than the head and about equal to the 
metatarsus in length. The under mandible is narrow, the rami enclosing 
a very narrow unfeathered tract, which develops into a more or less distensible 
gular pouch. 
The head is crested and the lores are bare. 
The wings are long with the second primary longest, the third a little 
shorter, almost subequal, while the first is longer than the fourth though 
shorter than the third ; all the primaries show scalloping. 
The tail is comparatively short, less than half the length of the wing 
and about twice the length of the culmen or metatarsus. It is wedge-shaped, 
composed of fourteen very stiff feathers with short, insignificant upper 
tad-coverts. 
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