THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
and to show a mottled neck-patch when changing into fully adult plumage, 
when the under-surface also shows a purplish tinge for a very short time. 
The “ filamentous ” stage is also probably due to this state, and would agree 
with what Ogilvie-Grant has described as “ Immature in the plumage of the 
third year ” for P. carbo (p. 346). 
Phalacrocorax carbo novcehollandice Stephens ; Australia. 
This form is characterised by its deep oily-green coloration associated 
with sparse nuptial ornaments, which are rarely observed, due to their 
evanescent nature. 
Phalacrocorax carbo steadi Mathews and Iredale ; New Zealand. 
This form agrees with the preceding in general features, but is smaller. 
This classification can only be considered of a temporary nature, but it 
is certain that future investigation will foUow on the lines here indicated. 
The ranges are not at all defined, due to scant material and the seasonal 
plumage changes which this bird undergoes. Thus specimens from many 
localities are not adult or in summer plumage and cannot be accurately 
compared. 
172 
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