THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
Cario dimidiatus Lesson. Traite d’Om, p. 604, 1831 : New South Wales ; Pucheran, 
Eevue Mag. Zool. 1850, p. 537. 
PJialacrocorax flavirJiynchus Gould, Synops. Birds Austr., pt. iv., App., p. 8, 1838 : New 
South Wales ; id., Proc. Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 1837, p. 157, 1838 ; Stone, Austral Av. 
Rec., Vol. I., p. 144, 1913. 
Graucalus flavirostris Gray, in Dieffenbach’s Travels in New Zeal., Vol. II., p. 201, 1843 
(Emendation only of Gould’s specific name). 
Graculus melanoleucus Gray, Genera Birds, Vol. III., p. 667, 1845 ; Reichenbach, Synops. 
Av. Natat., pi. 63, figs. 872-3, 1850 ; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Vol. VI., Pelec., 
p. 15, 1863; Gray, Handl. Gen. Sp. Birds, pt. m., p. 129, 1871; Pelzeln, Ibis 1873, 
p. 124 ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 203, 1878 ; id., Tab. List 
Austr. Birds, p. 25, 1888 ; North, Aust. Mus. Cat., no. 12, p. 366, 1890. 
Haliceus melanoleucus Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., Vol. II., p. 177, 1856 (part). 
Haliceus leucomelas Gloger, Joum. fur Orn. 1857, p. 14 (Emendation only of Vieillot’s 
specific name). 
Carlo melanoleucus Hartlaub & Einsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 1868, p. 4. 
Carlo melanoleucos melanoleucos Mathews, Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 241, 1912. 
Carlo melanoleucus melvillensis Mathews, Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., p. 74, 1912 : Melville 
Island, Northern Territory. 
Microcarlo melanoleucus Mathews, List Birds Austr., p. 97, 1913. 
Distribution. Austraha ; Tasmania. 
Adult mole. General colour of the upper-surface glossy black ; wing-coverts hoary-grey 
with black marginal or submarginal edgings ; quills and tail-feathers uniform 
glossy black ; the feathers on the fore-head, narrow and stiffened, are black ; sides 
of the fore-head, sides of face, throat, fore-neck, and entire under-surface pure white 
except the axillaries, under wing-coverts, and under tail-coverts, which are black. 
BiU and gular pouch yellow, culmen black ; bare skin on face brownish-yellow ; 
iris greyish-white ; feet black ; second scale on middle toe plum-colour. Total 
length 610 mm. ; culmen 34, wing 238, tail 165, tarsus 38. 
Adult female. Similar in every respect to the adult male but smaller. Wing 232 mm. ; 
culmen 32, tail 155. 
^Nestling. With tail and wing-feathers partially developed : is dense black with white 
feathers interspersed over the entire abdomen, more thickly on the thighs and 
vent ; the head is quite naked as far as the ear-coverts, which have white tufts. 
Bill black, basal portion and a patch near the tip of the lower mandible yellowish- 
white ; fore-head and crown of head dirty white ; throat purplish flesh-colour ; inter- 
ramal space pale greenish-white ; iris, outer ring dirty white, inner one brown ; 
feet black. 
The immature in this species, as in the majority of others, is chiefly distinguished 
by its brown upper-surface. 
Nest. Composed of sticks and lined with leaves, and placed in low trees. 
Eggs. Clutch, three to five, similar to those of other members of the family. Axis 43 
to 46 mm. ; diameter 30 to 32. 
Breeding-season. September to J anuary (Queensland and New South Wales) ; May (Darwin, 
Northern Territory). 
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