90 
Oogonium — A kind of ovarian sac contain- 
ing spores which, when liberated, are 
called oospores. 
OOLTSis — ^Monstrous ovular develoi)inent 
in plants. 
OoSPOKE— Spores produced in an ovarian 
sac. 
O'PAQUE, OPACUS — When the surface is dull 
or not at all sliinir.g, 
Oper'cuxate, Operculaits — C overed by a 
lid; closed by an “oper'culum,” as 
the Kucalypt flowers before expansion. 
Op'posite — W hen sitidlar tJaita or organs 
are so arranged in pairs that one of 
them is immediately on the oi>posite 
side of some interposed body, or of the 
axis about which they are disxjosed, 
Oppositiflo'rus— -W here the i>pduncles 
are opposite. OpposiTifOL'EUS— Where 
the leaves are opposite. 
Opsis — T he ai>x)earanc<s as Co7'copsis, from 
the seed resembling a bug. 
Orange — Y ellow and red in about equal 
proportions. 
Orbic'ulau, ORnicuLA'Ris — Perfectly or 
very nearly circular. ORurcuLUS — A 
description of fleshy “corona” sur- 
rounding the organs of fructification 
in the genus Stapelki. 
Orbii/la — A pijlicd to the shields of the 
Lichen Utmea. 
Organ — A general name for any defined 
subordinate part of the vegetable struc- 
ture, extenial or internal; as cell, fibre, . 
leaf, root. Eveiy portion of a plant 
which has a distinct part or function to | 
perform in the ('iterations or plienomena 
of vegetaltle life is called an organ. 
The root, stem, and leaves, whose 
function is to assist in the growth of 
the idant, ai’e Organs of Vegetation. 
The flower .and fruit, uhose office is 
the formation of the seed, are Organs 
of Reproduction. 
Organoc/rapiiv — 'riiat part of botany 
which treats on the organs of jdants. 
Orgy'a — From 5 to 0 feet. A toise. 
Orgya'ijs — The length of a toise, 
Or'ipice — A n oiteaing, us tlie toi) of a 
corolla.-tube. 
Ortho'tropal, Ortho'tropou??, Ortho'- 
TR0PU3 — Where the embryo U straight, 
but so lies in the seed that the radicle 
is towards the hilum, owing to the 
inversion of the nucleus. This term is 
also .applied to the entire ovule or 
seed, without reference to the position 
of tlie embryo; when the nucleus is 
straiglit, and the clialnza and hihim 
correspond or are close together, and 
consequently where the direction of 
the embryo is “ antitropal,” or the veiy 
reverse of that here described. 
Oscilla'm:«, OsoiLLATO'iiirs — Synonym 
for “ Versatilis.” 
Os'mose, Os'mosis — Seo “ Endosmosis.” 
Ostio'lum — T he orifice of the j)erithecium 
and apothecium. 
Os'sEor.s—Synonym for “ Bony.” Ossicu- 
LUS— A “.stmie” in fruit; synonym for 
“ Pyrena.” Ostariphylum— A plant 
which bears a drupe. 
Osus — A termination indicating augmenta- I 
tiou, as radiomSf having a large root. I 
Ova'lis, O'val — Elliptical. Where the I 
major and minor axes bear the ratio of • J 
about two to 07 ie to each other. Ovax.e, || 
OvATUs— Shai)ed like an egg. Of the l| 
form of an egg, when applied to a solid || 
body; but \’men applied to a sux)erficial ]| 
area it means the figure i jresented by a |i 
longitudinal section of an egg, broader I 
at the base than at the a])ex ; some* j 
tirnesused synonymously with “Oval.” \ 
Ovoid', Ovoi'dal, Ovoi'deus, Ovu- 
la'ris, are synonymous with “Ovate,” 
when applied to a solid form. The 
leaves of the ccnnmoii Lantana bush are | 
mostly ovate. 
O'VARY — The enlarged base of the pistil, 
which includes one or more cavities or 
colLs, containing one or more small 
bodies called ovules. These are the 
earliest conditions of the future seeds. 
Each ovule, when fully formed, usually 
consists of a central mass or nucleus 
enclosed in two bag-like coats^ the outer 
one called prh/ihiCf the inner one 
secundme. The ckalaza is the i>oint 
of the ovule at which the base of the 
nucleu.s is confluent with the coats. 
The foramen is a minute aperture in 
the coats over apex of the nucleus. 
OviNA — Ovis, a sheej:), ovinus, of sheep, 
as Acenna ovina. 
O'vutKS are orihotropons or straight, when 
the chalaza coincides with the base of ' 
the ovule, and the foramen is at the 
opXHisite extremity, the axis of the 
ovule being straiglit ; eampiilotropoUs 
or iwiirved^ when the chalaza still 
coinciding with the base of the ovule, 
the axis of the ovule is cur\ ed, bringing 
the foramen down mere or less towards 
that base ; anatnmomi'ivitiverteJ^ when 
the chalaza is at tne apex of the ovule, 
and the foramen next to its base, the 
axis remaining straight. In thi.^^, one 
of the most frcqmmt forms of the 
ovule, the chalaza is connected with 
the base by a cord, called the raphe^ 
adhering to one side "f the (jvule, and i 
becoming more or le^s incorporated | 
with its coats, as the ovule, enlarges | 
into a Bood ; (Uiiphitropovs or half- 
inve7'tedi when the ovule being, as it , 
were, attached laterally, the chalaza 
and foramen at ojjposite ends of its 
straight or curved axis, or about equally 
distant from the base or x«nnt of attach- 
ment. 
Oxyacan'thus — Furnished with many 
shari> thorns or p’xickles. (See Haw- 
tliorn, CraUegv^. oximcaiitha.) ^ 
Oxycar'pus— W here the fruit is shari)- 
pointed. 
Pach'ys— T hick, as Paciiiden'dron, thick 
tree; Pachycar'pus, where the peri- 
carx) is very tliick ; Pachtne'ma, re- 
ferring to the filaments of certain 
flowers being thick. 
