68 
Cit'reus, Cit'rinus — L emon colour, a pure 
yellow, very slightly tinged with grey. 
Clado'des — T hese were formerly called 
leaves, but now theoretically believe<l to 
be abortive branches. Good examples 
will bo found in the genus Aftpara’jus: 
here they are usually clusters of 
flattened br.anchlets. In the genus 
JtnscuHf or “ Butcher’s they 
are ovate, rigid, and splnefieeut, and 
bear the perianth and fruit upon their 
face or margin. 
Clas'sks — T ile large divisions into which 
the Vegetable Kingdom is arranged. 
Clath'ratb — L atticed or perforated like a 
wincbiw, as the leaves of Monstem 
deliciom. 
Cla'va— A cUih, CLAVA'ms, Clavella'tus, 
Clatifor'-M CtAViLLo'scs — Where 
any organ, slender at the base, gradu- 
ally thickens towards the apex. 
Claw (ZTof/u ts ) — The stalk of a petal. (See 
the flowers of Diuiithus.) 
Cleis'tocakr— Ascocavp in which the asci 
and ascospores are formed inside a 
completely chased envelope, from which 
the ascospores escape by its flnal 
rupture. 
Clos'ter, Clos'tru 3I — Spindle-shaped, 
elongated cells, x>ointnd at each end, 
and either cylindrical or fusiform, 
which enter largely into the corai) 0 ?i- 
tion of tlie woody part? of trees. 
ClYPEA'TUS, CLYPEA'STRIFORMrH, ClTPRI- 
FOR'Mis CLYPKOLA'Rts— Shield-shaped, 
from a shield ; /om«, a shape. 
Coacerv.\'tus — H eaped up, clustered. 
Coadna'tus, Coaduxa'tcs— C ohering. 
CoALEs'CESs, Coa'litls— T o grow together, 
cohering. 
Coa'roturk, Coarctc'R-V— S ynonym for 
“The neck.” 
Cocci'necs— lied, with a slight admixture 
of yellow, .scarlet, or crimson. (See 
Salvdi eo<-'cintu^ a common weed on 
rubbish-heap^ about Brisbane.) 
Coccuii— Syuonym for “Coccus.” 
Coo'ous, Coo'ci — Onc-seeded carpels, united 
in the pistil, but separating when ripe, 
and opening with elasticity by an 
internal longitudinal suture. Tlie fruit 
of the Castor oil, Micin/rst is a good 
example. 
Cochlear [Coehfcfdris, belonging to^ a 
spoon) — Applied to an {estivation 
where one part of the perianth is 
helmet-shaped, larger than the rest, 
which it entirely surrounds. 
CocHLEATEjCocHLKA'TUb— Spirally twisted, 
like a snail-shell. Of this form, the 
fruit of the Medic Bun* is a good 
illustration. 
CODio'PHYLLDS — Where the leaf is covered 
with a woolly pubescence. 
C(ELOSPERjruH (from Aw'hj^, hollow; sjitnua, 
a seed)— A seed in which the albumen 
is so curved that the base and apex 
approach each other. 
Ccen'obium — A community of_ a definite 
number of individuals united in one 
body. 
CcEN'osrs — Growing in mud or miry places. 
Coher'ent and Adherent— These two 
terms convey nearly the same meaning; 
practically, however, it has been found 
more convenient to restrict cohesion to 
the union of parts of the same whorl, 
and adhesion to the union of parts of 
different whorls of a flower. 
Co'hort, Co'hors— a group of plants 
formed by uniting several orders 
togetlier. 
Co'lecs— T he well-known garden plant is 
so called because the filaments in the 
flower are united at the base and thus 
form a sheath. 
CoLEORHi'zA — The sheath at the base of 
the radicle of Monocotyledons. 
ColTum or Neck — The plane between the 
stem and root. 
Co'lum— Synonym for “ Placenta.” 
Columei/la, Columnel'i.a--A persistent 
central axis, rour»d which the carpels 
of some fruits are arranged, a.s in the 
Goraniuin. 
Co’.UOSE, Coma'tus— F uniidied with hairs 
at the end, a.s some seeds. 
Co'ma — A head of hair ; also applied to the 
aggregation of bianchei^ forming the 
hea<.l of a tree, well as the tuft of 
bractese or barren flowers, wfiich are 
sometimes formed nt the crown of an 
inflorescence, as in French Lavender, 
L((vcndlda St(tcha4i. 
Commissu'r.a — T he inner surface of each of 
the two parts (mericjrps) into which 
the fruit of the ITaibtdlift'i je is divisible. 
Comflana'ix^s — Made even or smooth; 
•synonym for “ Coini^ressu?.” (See 
stems oiAcite.ia 
Co.’^iPLKX'ivrs— When a leaf in vernation is 
folded over another, both at the sides 
and apex. 
Conoat'enaTK — ^United in a chain-like 
manner, 
Con'cavk, Con'cavu.s— Hollow ; applied to 
any surface with a curvilinear depres- 
.sion, or hollow formed without angles. 
Concentrically— In rings, with a common 
, centre. 
CoxcEPTA'uuLtJir— Double follicle ; a two- 
celled, -many-seedod sui.«oi'lor fruit, 
separating into two portions, the seeds 
of which do not adhere to niurginal 
placonise, as in the folliculu.^', to which 
this closely ajipnjaches, but .separate 
from their plaoentje, and lie loose in 
the cavity of each cell. (Fur example 
see Asclcpia.i.) 
Concol'ouois — iiimilar in colour. 
Con'crete — G rowing U <gether . 
Cone', Co'nus— A dense abrogation of 
scale-like carpels, arrunged symmetri- 
cally round an axis, as in the Pine 
family. 
Confkr'tcs— F ull, crowded. Example, 
Tristania cosiferta. 
CoN'PLrENT — ^Kimning into each other, as 
the sori in Pohjpoilium coi\iiucns. 
Conges'tus — H eaped together. 
Con'globate — In rounded clusters. 
CoNicus — Conical. 
