66 
T 
CAiiCE'RULrs — A dry indehiscent many- 
celled fruit, with few seeds in each 
coll ; the celln cuherin'? roniid a corn- 
men style idaced iu the axis, of wliich 
the fniitw of Trop<co(mu and Malva are 
exam (lies. 
CAiiciXOJiALls — TiOso?Tibling a carcinoiua-^ 
a canker nr cancer, as the Ant-hill 
rnngiiH, Podaxif' cKvcimmidh. 
Caiu'xa -A keel. Cakixa'tits, ComxA'TEiJ 
— Keeled. 
Cakmi NATIVE— Having pro].ertie.^ which 
expel wind, promote perspiration, as 
theconimim Si>€arinint. 
Caii'nki s— Talo rod, of a flo.-Nh colour. 
Ca'rnosus— h’leshy. (See th<' flowers 
of cumca^ and leaves of Hopa 
CO n}oti<t.) 
Car'pia.s, CvVKPKL'ia — O ne of the .subordi- 
nate pa'is, whether free or cc»horing, 
wliicli compose tliC ivirtr-nnost of the 
four sets or lloird whirls, into wliich tho 
coiii}»letu fi'.Hvtr i.s Sf*p.'« Table. Tt hears 
tliesoue relation to the gyuDeceinii us 
the s»-n')oU to tlio calyx, and the})ctalsto 
the corolla. Carjtelsure usually sessile ; 
if stallvt'<l, their slalk is calhda ihkIo’ 
carp. This stalk upon which each 
sei»ara!e crirpf'l is ?.u()po:'fce(l above the 
receidaclc inn^t t ot be confounded with 
the (jjrnvbKstr, upon which tlio whole 
pistil is sometinies raised. Cui'i'ology 
is t1iat (jart of botany whicli Uvats of 
fruits and wrens. 
CARPO'rnoRE, (4^ nopiiore— F ruit-stalk. 
Cakpo'spore- Spores produced {by con- 
junction) in a. sporo-carpiuni. 
Cartilagi'kei CAUTU.A'GiNor.*5— Grlstlv, 
of thecrmsiatenceof cartilage or<>f paixili- 
inent. Bkchnnm caridurfiniuni.) 
CARUN'cUf.A — A sw oil. 'll fimgusdiko cx- 
crescenca on tlie surface of some seeds, 
abiuit the hiluin. Synonym for “Stro- 
philole.” (See Die castoi’-oil setd.) 
Caryop'sis, C.VRTOp'siii — a dry one-.S4'cdod 
indehiscHiit fruit. The hitegn.monts of 
the seci] cohering insepambly with the 
endocai pium, so that tlir two arc indis- 
tinguishable ,* iu the ovurinui state 
evincing its coin|ionnd nature by Uie 
presence of two or lorm? stignmtH, Imt 
nevLi-theless nniloeular, and having but 
one ovulum. The grains of Maize and 
Wlieat are exaTn[iles. 
Caries — T his word is used in segetnbie 
pathology to denote decay of the wall of 
the cells and vessels, whether attended 
bj’’ a greater or less degree of unnstare. 
Life is necessarily limited iu all organic 
structure, and therefore llie time must 
come when the oldest parts of trees 
must submit to dec<*iiipf)sition ; and as 
soon as this commences it act-? as a 
putrefnctivi' fervent, and iiivolven 
neighbouring Found tissuo. In plants 
of shorter duration, <Iec;jy takes place 
from vnrioUH causes, soinetimea from 
mere eoii.-'-litutional ]>ec-u!iai ities, some- 
times from a cessatirm of vital func- 
tions, eomotinies ifgaiii from atmos- 
spheric or other outward agents, and 
sometimes from parasitic Fungi. 'I The 
rapidity with which the mischief 
spreads wlicn once feet up is exempli- 
fied by the ijotato murrain, and the 
black .spot of oichicH ; a few days iu J 
either case being s*»metiuie.s sutlicientl 
to induce complete ilecoinposition. Thei 
decay ()f fruit though not due, a.s is| 
sometimes supposed, to minute Fungi, 
is certainly (Homoted by tlioir presence, 
the mere contact of the tissues and ■ 
parasite being suflicient to a<jt up putre- ■ 
factive action.— iecf. J. M. Hcvkdvj, * 
CxVno — Th<^ flcbhy part of fruit. 
UARPOSTobiiLpvi — 'the oj)eiiiug into tlie 
spore-case of Algie. 
j'eouis — CassideuH, from cussU^ a 
helmet; where a vory irreguljir flower 
has imu large ln?]inet-shaped petal. 
Cat'aplvsm — A (jlasier or poultice. Plant 
used for the purptine, as mustard, ginger, 
&c. 
Catarhh'al — ( ) f or belonging to a cold. 
The gum of some Acacias is useful to 
relieve colds. 
Catervarii.s— P ertaining to comp.anies, 
as Lcntitius oitcrvnriuyf oi the Blight 
Fungus, which attacks the leaves of 
Figs, Dothidca catfrvarta. 
C.Vi'TiAR'Tic — Purgative. 
Cat'kik — A peculiar form of spiked in- 
florescence where the flowers are uni- 
s('Xiial, closely crowded, mid the placo 
of each perianth is supplied mertily by 
a bract. jSee “Amenta.'') Good i 
examples may 1 h' seen in the male 
infii.jresceiice of the Bunya, Siie-Pine, 
&c. 
CxVU'da — A tail. Caupa'tcs — T ailed or tail- 
l>ointed.^ CAinjikRJLA— An elastic ap- 
[»endage to the pollcu masses of certain 
orchids. 
CAU'Dax- -The main trunk of the root ; also 
tho stem of palms and fern-trees. 
Cau'lis — A stalk or stem. Caules'cent, 
Cavlk.s'okxs— W here a stalk is dis- 
tinctly visible. Cauu'naRjCaultxa'ris, 
OArLlNA'RiPS, CAULlbNUS— Belonging I 
to the stem, or growintr fro)n it. 
Oavlocar'pic, CAUi.ooAii’Pous, Caulo- I 
OAU'piciJH, CAfLOCAu'pieus— Terms used I 
for trees and .shrubs whose woody Htem 
and branches do not die away, but ^ 
coiitimic to bear flowers and fruit for a 
succession of years. , 
Cau'loid — K escmbling or analogous to a 
stem. I 
CxVrfeTic'iTT — Having a burning quality, as | 
the root of P/vinbuf/o roscit. 
Cell, Cel'la, Cfj/lula (A little cellar)— 
Each of the vcssicles of which the 
cellular tissue is comprised. It consists 
of minute granules, cout.Hitdiig nitrogen, 
and coloured green under the action of 
sunlight. These granules are most | 
abundant in tho layers of cells imnie- I 
diately below thesnrface or epidorniis of 
leaves and young bark. The green | 
colouring matter is soluble in alcohol, 
and may thus bo removed from the 
granules. 
