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1 inch broad, white underneath, with numerous transverse veins and 
reticulations not very prominent; the young shoots arc also sometimes 
tomentose or villous with richly coloured fulvous almost woolly hairs, 
persisting on the underside till the leaves are nearly full-grown. 
Spikes oblong or cylindrical, 3 to G inches long. Bracts tomentose at 
the end. Perianth usually about 1 inch long, silky. Style straightening 
after the perianth-laminae have separated, and usually very spreading 
or reflexed. Frniting-eone oblong, cylindrical, the capsules prominent 
and not tliick as in some other species. 
B iutegrifolia, vai', paludosa. Blowers smaller, the perianths 
about 7 or 8 lines long. This variety is usually met with on sandy 
land which is of a swampy nature ; it forms a spreailing sliriib or small 
stunted tree with smaller leaves than those of the normal form. 
Order ETJPHORBIACEJE. 
Amongst Dicotyledons this order stands fourth in point of number. 
It contains about 3,000 species, in 200 genera. 
Blowers always unisexual. Perianth either simple and calyx- 
like, or almost petal-1ike, usually small or double with 4 or 5 petals 
alternating with the calyx-lobes, or sometimes entirely wanting in one 
or both sexes. Stamens various. Ovary superior, consisting of 8 or 
sometimes 2, or more than 3, united or 1-celIcd, or rarely 2-celled 
carpels, very rarely reduced to a single one. Styles as many as 
carpels, free or more or less united, entire or divided, the stigmatic 
surface usually lining their inner face. Ovules 1 or 2 in each carpel, 
pendulous from tlie inner angle of the cells, the funicle usually 
thickened into a cellular mass often termed an ohiurafor. Bruit 
either capsular, separating into as many 2-va,lvcd cocci as carpels, 
leaving a persistent axis, or more rarely Biicculent and iridehiscent 
with the endocarp, consisting of as many iudehisceut nuts or cocci as 
carpels or cells. Seeds laterally attached at or above the middle with 
or without an arilius or carimcle ; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons 
and a superior radicle, in a fleshy albumen, or very rarely the cotyledons 
fleshy with little or no alhuineu. Trees, slirubs, or herbs, often 
abounding in milky juice, exceedingly various iri habits. Leaves 
alternate or opposite, rarely divided or compound, usually with 
stipules. Inflorescence very vaiaed. J'flow^ers usually small. 
Tribe 1. Lfi*hojjbimx — I nvolucre calyx-like, including several 
male flowers, each of a single stamen without any perianth, and 1 
central female one, a single pedicellate pistil without any or rarely 
with a perianth, the whole flower-head resembling a single flower. 
Ovary 3-celled, 1 ovule in each. Capsule 8-cocci. Seeds albuminous. 
Embryo with broad cotyledons and a narrow r.ndicle. Examples: 
Pedilanflms tifhijmnloides ; tlie Siipper-flowcr, Euphorhia, a common 
fleshy stemmed garden plant with red slipper-siiaped flowers. (vSee 
also any of the Euphorbias^ particularly E, {Poinsbtlia) puJeherrima.') 
Tribe 2. ISxENOiiOUK.i;. — Blowers distinct, both sexes with a 
perianth. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary. Embryo linear, 
the cotyledons not at all or scarcely broader tiiau the radicle. Shrubs 
often bcath-like, with entire coriaceous leaves, or rarely herbs with 
small membranous leaves. Example; The little weed, Poranihera 
onicrophylla, will be found always ready to hand. 
