44 
hermaphrodite or male, and those of the circumference either ligulate 
and female or neuter, forming a ray (heads radiate), or filiform and 
female (lieads dkcoid but heterogamous). Stamens 5 rarely 4, in- 
serted in the tube of the corolla, the anthers linear and united in a 
sheath round the style (except in Xanfhiim or where more or less 
imperfect), 2-celled, opening inwards by longitudinal slits, the 
connective xisually produced at the top into a small erect appendage, 
the anther obtuse or sagittate at the base, the basal lobes sometimes 
prolonged into short and acute or long very fine and hair-like points 
or lobes called taih. Ovary inferior, with a single erect ovule. 
Style filiform, usually divided at the top into 2 short stigmatic 
branches. Fruit a small, dry seed-like nut or achene, crowned by 
the pappus or naked. Seed erect, ivithout albumen. Embryo straight 
or rarely curved. Itadiele inferior. Herbs, shrubs, or very rarely 
small trees, with alternate or opposite leaves without stipules. Flower- 
heads terminal or very rarely axillary, solitary or in panicles, usually 
corymbose, sometimes reduced to clusters or compound heads, the 
general inflorescence often centrifugal, the inflorescence within the 
head always centripetal. 
[Considering the vast number of species contained in this Order, it 
will be found divided into but few tribes. These, however, are again 
divided into subtribes. To have given the characters of all these sub- 
divisions would have too far extended the work. The subtribes from 
which examples are taken are, however, noted, and their leading 
features stated.] 
Tribe 1. Tertoniaceje. — F lower-heads homogainous, tubular; 
anthers sagittate at the base ; style-branches subulate, hairy : leaves 
very often alternate ; corolla never yellow ; pappus often setose or 
paleaceous. 
* Subtribe Eiivernoniecs, — Heads distinct, many flowered. 
Examples: Ceniratherum, Vernonia. The examples obtainable not 
of much beauty. The first will be found on the border of scrub, 
the latter amongst grass in open pastures; the flowers of both are of a 
bluish purple. 
Tribe 2. Eupaxoriaceje. — F lower-heads homogamoiis, tubular; 
anthers subentire at the base; style-branches subterete, obtuse, and 
shortly papillous. Leaves opposite or alternate. Corolla usually orange, 
rarely yellow or yellowish; pappus often setose. 
Subtribe Piyuerieie. — Anther-tip truncate. Example: Adenos- 
temvia, 
Subiribo Agerateas. — Anther-tip appcndiculate ; achenes 5-angled. 
Examples: Agerahm, Enpaiovinm. 
Of the genera mentioned the first will be found on very wet 
land ; the second is known as Billy-goat weed,” and has overrun 
both garden and field; the last will be found in garden culture, aud 
possessing more or less beauty and supposed medicinal virtues. 
I'ribe 3. Asteroide.e. — F lower-heads hoiriogamous, radiate or 
disciform or vninting rays and homogainous ; anthers obtuse at base 
or subentire; style-branches complauate, appendicuiate (except in 
Baccharidew ) ; leaves most frequently alternate ; receptacle most 
frequently naked ; corollas of the disk most Hequently yellow, rays of 
same colour, or various colours. 
* Some but not all the subtribes of this Order are given. 
