38 
Order RUBIACE^. 
This is a large and important order, as from its plants we hare 
many most important products, as cofee, gambier, ipecacuanha, 
quinine, excellent fruits, valuable timber, and useful dyes. Tlie number 
of species are about 1,100, arranged in a genera of from 330 to 310. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; the limb entire or witli as many 
teeth, lobes, or divisions as lobes of the coreila, rarely more, fewer or 
none. Corolla gamopetaloiis, inserted round the epigynous disk ; 
lobes4, 5, or sometimes more, rarely only 3, either imbricate (often 
contorted) or valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as lobes of the 
corolla, alternating with them and inserted in the tube; anthers versatile, 
with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2 or more 
celled, with 1 or more ovules in each cell, rarely 1-celled with parietal 
placentas, or reduced to one 1-ovulate cell; style more or less divided 
into as many stigmatic lobes as carpels to the gynmeiuui, or undivided 
with a thickened entire or notched stigma. IVuil a capsule, drupe, 
berry, or indehiscent nut. Seeds with a lleshj or horny albumen, and 
ratlier small straight embryo with flat cotyledons, or rarely -with little 
or no albumen, and cylindrical embryo with seiniterete cotyledons. 
Trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers. Leaves opposite or whcrled. 
Stipules interpetiolar, either free or connate with the petioles in a 
sheath bordered by cilia or leaf-like lobes, or with one or two points 
on each side, or connate within the petioles in a short sheath or ring 
round the stem. Inflorescence various, usually more or less cymose, 
axillary or terminal. Plowers occasionally polygamous or unisexual. 
Seeies a. Ovules in cells iudeflnite. 
Suhserics I, Fruit dry, capsular or 2 to 4-coccus, or nucameutaceous. 
Tribe 1. NAUcuEEiE. — Flowers ntunerous, sessile or pedicellate, 
closely packed in globular heads on a small receptacle. Corolla 
narrow, funnel-shaped, the tube elongate, lobes short imbricate or 
valvate (never contorted). Anthers inserted in the mouth or throat 
of the corolla tube, nearly sessile, acute or apiculate. Ovary 2-celled ; 
style much exserted, stigmas clavatc fusiform or capitate. Ovules 
numerous, very rarely soliiary. Fruit a multicellular syncarpium or 
a capsule septicidally 2-vaIved or 2-4 cocci, many or 1 seeded. Seeds 
albuminous, imbiule, with or without wings, radicle superior. Trees, 
shrubs, or climbers. Examples: 8a7'cocephahiH (Leichliardt tree), 
TTncaria (Gambier plant). Sa^'cocepltalus esculentus pi'oduces the 
fruit known as Sierra Leone peach or flg. At one time plants of this 
were in the public gardens. 
Tribe 2. CiNOHCiNEiE. — Corolla lobes valvate, imbricate or twisted. 
Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in cells very numerous ; fruit capsular 2-celled. 
Seeds numerous, minute, peltate, imbricate, winged, albuminous; 
radicle most frequently superior. Trees or shrubs. Stipules entire 
except in Kindma, a Brazilian genus. Examples : Cinchoria, Bouvardia^ 
Manettia. From plants of this tribe we obtain timber, medicine, edible 
fruits, and a large number of showy garden shrubs. 
Tribe 3. Heniuquezieje. — Corolla bilabiate, lobes imbricate; 
ovary half superior, 2-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell. Fruit 
capsular. Seeds 2 or 4 in each cell, affixed by the margin, broadly 
winged, exalbumiuous. Brazilian trees with quite entire stipules. 
No examples probably to be seen in Queensland. 
