108 
Stictopet'alus — Where the petals are 
covered with glandular points. 
Si’iG'iiA— Exposed cellular tissue, free 
from epidermis, at one part (gene* 
rally at the summit of the stylo 
or ovarium) of a carpel, where the 
fertilizing influence of the pollen is 
convey 6(1 to the ovules. Sometimes 
the stigma is a point, when it is said to 
he pionetifurjH \ if in the form of a small 
heart, it is called a ctpiPite stigma. 
ISothing is, properly si.ealcing, stigma, 
except the .secreting surface of the 
style; it very often, however, hap]ieii3 
that the term is carelessly applied to 
other jjortions of the stylo. In the 
Iria and its alHe.s, the three petaloid 
lobed styles are called stigmata ; while 
the stigma is in reality confined to a 
narrow humid space ^ at the back of 
each style. In Labiatse, what is 
called a twodobed stigma has a two* 
lobed style, the points only of the 
lobes of which are stigmaiic ; and in 
Sweet Pea the hairy back of the style 
has been spoken of as the stigma, 
while in fact the latter is confined to 
the mere point of the style. 
STiGiiATo'pnouvs — The purtion of the 
style which bears the stigma. 
STIGiIATOST^:^MO^^ STIGMATOlSTK'MO^'IS — 
Where the stamens cohere to the 
stigma. 
Stim'ulans — Pricking or stinging. Stimu- 
LO'fius — Where a surface is covered 
with stings. STiM'L’LfS— A sting. A 
sting is a sharT», somewhat stiff hair, 
seated on a gland which secretes an 
acid fluid. When the skin of the 
human body is penetrated by the hair, 
and the fluid injected, this iiroduces 
acute pain. 
Stipel'l.e — Secondary stipules, which are 
sometimes found on compound leaves 
at the points where the leaflets are 
inserted. (See leaves of the C()mmou 
French Bean for stipules and stipellae. 
jLri/th rinnn will also serve for examples ; 
here the stipules are often small, and 
the stipel1?e gland*like.) 
Sti'pes — This term is usually ajjplied to 
the stalks of fern-fronds and the .stalk 
which snpi)Ort8 the cap of certain Fungi. 
(See stalk in common Mushroom, or the 
h'uit of any of the so-called Native 
Pomegranates.) 
Sti'pitatk— E levated on a stalk which is 
neither a petiole nor a peduncle ; as for 
example, some kinds of carpels, also 
scales, bracts, or stipules, or almost 
any part of the plant besides leaves 
and flowers are stalked, tliey are said 
to be stipitate, from i<tip€>f, a stalk. 
Stip'ticgs {fytifpticiis, a.striugent)— Possess- 
ing an astringent taste. 
Sti'pules — Leaf-like or scale-Uke append- 
ages at the base of the leaf-stalk, or on 
the node of the stem. When present 
there are generally two, one on each 
side of the leaf, and they sometimes 
appear so protect the young leaf before 
it is developed. They are, however, 
exceedingly variable in size and ap- 
pearance, sometimes exactly like the 
true leaves except that they have no 
buds in their axils, or looking like the 
leaflets of a compound leaf, sometimes 
apparently^ the only leaves of the plant ; 
generally .'«maU and narrow, sometimes 
reduced to minute scales, spots, or scars, 
sometimes united into one uj)posite the 
leaf, or more or less united with, or 
adiuite to, the petiole, or cpiite detached 
from the leaf, and forming a ring or 
sheath round the stem in the axis of 
the leaf. (See Leichhardt tree, Sarco^ 
cejihf.Uus roi'datns^) 
STiPULiE'Eia’s— Bearing sti pules. Stipu- 
LOsrs— Having very large stipules. 
Stikpa'lts (From stirps, the stock or steha 
of a tree) — Growing on the stem. 
Stirps (A kindred) — A race. 
Stock— The stock of a herbaceous peren- 
nial, in its most complete state, in- 
cludes a small j>ortion of the summit of 
the previou.s year’s roots, as well as the 
base of the previous year’s stem. Such 
stocks will increase yearly, so as at 
length to form dense tufts. They will 
often preserve thtough the winter a 
few leaves, amongst which are placed 
the buds w’hich grow out into steins the 
folio-wing year, whilst the under side of 
the stock emits new roots from amongst 
the remains of the old ones. These 
lierennial stocks only differ from the 
permanent ba.se of an uiidershruh in 
the shortness of the perennial part of 
the stems and in their texture usually 
less woody. 
Stole, Sto’lo (A shoot)— A lax trailing 
bi*anch given off at the summit of the 
root, and taking root at intervals, 
whence fresh buds are developed. 
Stolonifehl'S — P roducing luany stoles. 
Sto'mate, Sto'aia {The moutli)— The epi- 
dermis i.s frequently pierced by minute 
spaces between the colls, called 
stomntes. They are oval or luouth- 
shiipeci, bordered by Hps formed of two 
or more elastic cells so disposed as to 
cause the stoniate to open iu a moist 
and close up in a dry state of the 
atmosphere. They boiumunicate with 
intercellular cavities, and are obviously 
designed to regulate evaporation and 
respiration. They are chiefly found 
upon leaves, especially on the under 
surface. Some idea may be formed of 
the vast number tjf stomata on a single 
leaf by cjuoting from Baron Mueller’s 
account of the numljer ]«r .^(juare inch 
of a few of our J'mcidypti (un the 
under side only). Thus he says that in 
A", viivrocortfs (Tee, or now called 
Ta]h)w-woocl) they number 210,000 to 
211,000 ; F. corfnnhom (Bloodwood) 
100.000 to 157,000 stomata on both 
sides, but less above tlian below ; E. 
Baihparia (Rough Stiingy bark), 68,000 
to 104,000 ; E. icsseUarts (Moreton 
B.ay Ash), 116,000 to 145,000, and 
1.53.000 to 166,000. 
Stomatie’erus — F urnished with stomates. 
