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Dissolve the sulphate of copper in cold water for two hours in one vessel, in 
another pour a little water by dej^’ees on the lime, mixing it well till it 
becomes a milky liquid, then pour the latter into the former, stir them well, 
and add to the 20 gallons of water already provided, and with this syringe 
the diseased plants. 
l^EiiATOiD "WoHMS {A%(j mlliilkld) . — This group of microscopic animals 
give rise to disease in both wild and cultivated plants. They differ from the 
earth-worms and other true worms, aud exhibit a much lower type of 
structure. They are minute, white or translucent, and usually so small as 
to resemble sliort, slender pieces of hair, even when visible at all without a 
magnifying glass. All those kinds that cause disease in plants are very 
minute, and live in the interior of the parts they attack, so that tliese parts 
must be cut into, or opened, befoi*e the worms are discovered. When seen 
through a microscope they appear slender, tapering both ways, hut the front 
end, in w'hich is the mouth, is rather hhint, the hinder end, or tail, is usually 
long, and ta2)ers gradually, or it .may bear an extension of the skin along 
one or both sides. There is no head, nor are there limbs or organs of .sense 
of any kind visible. The mouth opens in front; on the gullet and intestines 
there are usually two swollen muscular bodies, which serve for helping to 
prepare the food in its passage downwards. The intestine opens below in 
the anus, some disfance from the end of the body, the tail, of varying length, 
lying behind it. Tlie characters of the genera arid species are recognisable 
usually in the mature animaLs alone. The situation of the .sexual openings, 
and in the males, two horny out-growtlis, connected with reproduction, assist 
in supplying disliuctive characters, as do also peculiarities iu the internal 
organs, which can be made out with no great difficulty under the microscope 
in the living animals. Some years ago Dr. J. .Bancroft drew attention to 
the destruction these minute animals were doing to the Banana and a 
number of other plants in and around-Brishane. In Europe they have been 
found to seriously damage both the roots and foliage of florist plants ; 
in South America the coflee plants ; in Europe also they are said to have 
done more or less damage to the sugar beet and the gx’ape vines. The best 
mode of prevention consists in changing the crops on any piece of ground so 
to prevent suitable food for the Kematodes being afl'ordcd. On infested 
soil, therefore, plants liable to attack should be followed by others unsuitable 
as food for the worms.^Tliis recommendation could hardly he carried out 
with regard to trees. 
Phvlloxeea. — Temporary flooding of the vineyards with water, or, 
where this is not practicable, treating the roots with sulphuretted carbon, is 
recommended in “ Scdence Gossip” to check this pest of the vineyard. 
Scale Insects. — The following are the recommended remedies for this 
pest : — The best natural remedy is to encourage the multiplication of certain 
minute insects belonging to the great division Hyme'iio'ptera, which are 
parastic in the Scale Insects, and destroy large numbers of them. Amongst 
the many artificial remedies the following may be noted as useful : — Soap 
solution (j lb. of soap in 1 gallon of water) or kerosene solution (about 1 
gill in 5 gallons of w ater), syringed or sprayed over the the plants every 
second day; phenyle, in a strength of from 3 to 6 teaspoonfuls to 4 gallons of 
water, applied at intervals of eight days ; alkaline washes, such as 
concentrated lye of wood-ashes or of coarse potash, which, used with a 
brush, frees the branches from the insects ; strong solution of tobacco; and 
animal oils — e.g,^ whale oil will destroy these insects by snflocation, the oil 
closing the breathing pores along the sides of their bodies. 
DEOPPI^IG OF THE PETALS OF PEL^iEGONIUM FLOWEES. 
— To prevent this during transit to exhibition, it is recommended that a 
small drop of gum he placed at the base of each petal with a small brush, 
after which, if the flowers are carefully packed, they will most likely carry 
safely. 
