X 
INTRODUCTION. 
Denizen, an escape from cultivation. 
Casual, a plant, either British or foreign, that only 
appears for a season or two. 
Alien, a plant of non-British origin, whether naturalised 
or not. 
The following abbreviations are used, showing the duration 
of a plant, viz. : — A, annual ; B, biennial ; P, perennial ; the 
time of flowering by the numerals I to XII, for the months; 
and the counties, L., Lancashire; C., Cheshire; F., Flint- 
shire. 
The editor desires here to thank his collaborators for their 
personal help, given so freely, both on his own behalf, and 
also on that of the entire district, especially Dr. J. W. 
Ellis, F.E.S., Mr. J. J. Fitzpatrick, Rev. J. Cairns Mitchell, 
B.D., F.R.A.S., and Mr. J. A. Wheldon, F.L.S.; and also 
Messrs. H. Bell, J.P., A. K. Bulley, H. H. Hinson, A. P. 
Thomas, and Col. C. A. Whitney, V.D., whose donations 
helped forward the work ; and especially Mr. C. Gatehouse, 
by whose generosity we are able to show figures for nearly 
all the plants. 
To those, and they are many, whose work in the world 
brings sense of weariness, let me offer the solace that the 
study of nature brings, so well expressed by Longfellow, 
when he wrote of that student of nature, Charles Kingsley — 
And Nature, the old Nurse, took 
The child upon her knee, 
Saying, “ Here is a story book 
Thy Father has written for thee. 
k ‘ Come wander with me,” she said, 
“ Into regions yet untrod, 
And read what is still unread 
In the manuscript of God.” 
