4 8 
there are recorded no less than 165 species and sub-species. The Liverpool 
Flora of 1872 contained 19 species, as against 43 species and sub-species in 
this edition. 
We are entirely indebted to Mr. J. A. Wheldon, F.L.S., for the present 
rearrangement of this difficult family, by which its nomenclature is brought 
up to modern requirements. 
The Handbook of the British Rubi, by Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, is recom- 
mended for study. 
Geum (. L .). Avens. 
G. urbanum (L.). Fig. 180. Wood Avens. Native. P. VI-VIII. 
Hedgebanks and thickets Common. 
G. intermedium ( Ehrh .). Intermediate Avens. Native. P. VI, VII. 
In moist places. Very rare. 
L. In a ditch between the Horn Smithies and the entrance to 
Knowsley Park'(D.). 
G. rivale (L.). Fig. 181. Water Avens. Native. P. VI, VII. 
In moist places. Very rare. 
L. By the side of a brook below Childwall Abbey ; Bath 
Wood, Ormskirk (D.), (?) now extinct. 
C. 1875 , Banks of Moors Brook, between Alvanley and 
Manley (r.b.). 1886 , Field by the R. Gowey at Wimbold’s 
Trafford (r.h.d.). 
Fragaria (A.). Strawberry. 
F. vesca (L.). Fig, 182. Strawberry. Native. P. V, VI. 
Woods and hedgebanks. Common. 
F. elatior (Ehrh.). Hautbois Strawberry. Alien. P. V, VI. 
Banks and hedgerows. Rare. 
L. Banks of the R. Mersey, near the Decoy (D.) ; probably 
wild here (Dr. j. b. wood). Roby, by a ditch side, seemingly 
indigenous (f.p.m.). 
Potentilla ( L .). Cinque-foil. 
P. Fragariaslrum (Ehrh.). Fig. 183. Barren Strawberry. Native. 
P. IV, V. 
Woods, banks, &c. Common. 
P. Tormentilla (Neck). Fig. 184*. Tormentil. Native. P. V-VIII. 
On heaths, in open woods, &c. Very common. 
P. procumbens (Sibth.). Creeping Tormentil. Native. P. VI-VIII. 
Hedge banks and waste places. Occasional. 
C. Neston, &c. 
