I 73 
occur at Neston, Little Neston, and Ness. Oxton Hill is composed 
of Upper Bunter Sandstone, Keuper Sandstone, and Keuper Marl. 
The rocks between Egremont and New Brighton are the Pebble- 
beds which are faulted against the Keuper Sandstone. On the 
shore at New Brighton there is a spring of pure fresh water which 
is, at the present time, covered with sand. This spring issues 
from a fault, and the remarkable thing is that the spring is below 
high water mark of the highest tides. 
The Waterstones or basement-beds of the Keuper Marl occur in 
the north of Wirral and around Runcorn and Frodsham. At 
Burton Point there is an excellent section showing the junction of 
the Pebble-beds with the Lower Bunter Sandstone. 
The solid geology at Seacombe, Birkenhead, Rock Ferry, 
Bromborough, Eastham, Little Sutton, Willaston, Childer Thorn- 
ton, and Thornton Hough, are the Pebble-beds. The following 
is a list of other localities, with the bed rocks : — 
Shotwick, 
Great Saughall, 
Great Sutton, 
Capenhurst, 
Ledsham, 
Eastham Village, 
Lower Bunter Sandstone. 
Do. 
Pebble-beds. 
Upper Bunter Sandstone. 
Do. 
Pebble-beds and Lower Bunter Sand- 
stone. 
The ancient city of Chester is built on the Pebble-beds, and the 
same beds occur in the section exposed in the railway cutting 
between Hooton and Little Sutton. The Elizabethan mansion, 
Pool Hall, is also on these beds. 
In the peninsula of Wirral the enormous erosion of valuable 
land through the action of the tides during the last fifty years has 
been noted by our leading geologists. This erosion is still going 
on, although efforts, such as the construction of the Wallasey 
Embankment, and similar works, have been made to lessen these 
encroachments of the sea. At Moreton, Meols, and Leasowe this 
loss of land has been very great. Hilbre Island, Middle Island, and 
Little Eye, at the mouth of the River Dee, give evidence of this 
erosion to a remarkable extent even to the most casual observer. 
At Helsby and Frodsham the rocks rise to a height of about 
500 feet, and the bold escarpment at Helsby, in an admirable 
section, shows the junction of the Keuper and Bunter Sandstones. 
In Lancashire it is found that the solid rock in the Southport 
district is the Keuper Marl, but it is hidden by recent deposits 
